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Ahmed Alharthi April 25, 2014 UCCS

Methodology for Choosing Datacenter for Cloud Providers in West Africa Region. Ahmed Alharthi April 25, 2014 UCCS. Master’s Project Report. Agenda. Introduction Why Africa The proposed Methodology Selection Results Lessons Learned Future Work Conclusion. Introduction.

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Ahmed Alharthi April 25, 2014 UCCS

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  1. Methodology for Choosing Datacenter for Cloud Providers in West Africa Region Ahmed AlharthiApril 25, 2014UCCS Master’s Project Report Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  2. Agenda • Introduction • Why Africa • The proposed Methodology • Selection Results • Lessons Learned • Future Work • Conclusion Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  3. Introduction • Research and process for selecting the best location to build data centers for cloud providers in West Africa. • Main Considerations: Network performance, Costs, Submarine cables Other factors : Environmental, Economical and Politics stabilities. Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  4. Problems • Lack of information regarding to data centers in Africa. • Demand of the services • Globalizations moment • Cloud provider numbers Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  5. Cloud providers Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  6. Related Work • McConnell A., Parr G.P., Mc Clean S.I., Khan, K [38] • KhosrowEbrahimi, Gerard F. Jones, and Amy S. Fleischer [11] • In terms of Africa’s network connectivity, M. Zennaro, E. Canessa, K.R. Sreenivasan , A.A. Rehmatullah and R.L. [12] • Sanjay M. Parekh, Robert B. Friedman, Neal K. Tibrewala, and Benjamin Lutch [28] Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  7. Why Africa ? Number of data centers Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  8. Number of Data Centers around the World Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  9. Growing Demand from Africa • Growing demand Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  10. Africa Submarine Cables Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  11. Why Africa ? Geographical & Climate Characteristics of the region • Climate & topography of the continent • Tornados & Hurricanes & Tsunami • Earthquake • Politic Systems on the region • Economic Status Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  12. How Intel/HP Select their Data Center Locations • Intel Considerations are : WAN infrastructure availability of water for cooling Also, costs workforce, water, power or landscape. • HP Considerations are : size, price and geographical quality of the land, the availability of power and communication network in the region. Cost of Operations [ electricity, water, network access, Free cooling] Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  13. The Proposed Methodology • Methodology is mix of Intel , HP and IBM approaches • Main considerations : • Costs of Powering, Cooling and landscape. • Communication network and their capabilities. Secondary considerations : • Politics status • Geographical & Climate location • Submarine cables • Economy Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  14. Decision Process for Selecting Countries to Host Public Cloud Senegal, Guinea, Liberia, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Cameron, Cote d'ivoire, Congo, Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Namibia. Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  15. The Proposed Methodology Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  16. The Proposed Methodology • Network measurements • Latency • Round Trip Time • Packet loss • Bandwidth Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  17. System and Tools for Measurement • Network measurements Amazon Linux AMI 2014.03.1 machines In Singapore, Sydney and Sao Paulo Linux commands : Ping and Traceroute Tool used : Nmap ( Network mapper) Visual route Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  18. Network measurements from North America • <where in North America?> Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  19. Network measurements from East Asia (Singapore) Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  20. Network measurements from East Asia (Sydney) Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  21. Network measurements from South America (Brazil) Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  22. Detailed Stat Related to Ghana Ghana Observation • [aalharth@walrus cs701]$ ping -c 10 197.253.65.36 • PING 197.253.65.36 (197.253.65.36) 56(84) bytes of data. • 64 bytes from 197.253.65.36: icmp_seq=1 ttl=43 time=981 ms • 64 bytes from 197.253.65.36: icmp_seq=2 ttl=43 time=983 ms • 64 bytes from 197.253.65.36: icmp_seq=3 ttl=43 time=973 ms • 64 bytes from 197.253.65.36: icmp_seq=4 ttl=43 time=968 ms • 64 bytes from 197.253.65.36: icmp_seq=5 ttl=43 time=972 ms • 64 bytes from 197.253.65.36: icmp_seq=6 ttl=43 time=960 ms • 64 bytes from 197.253.65.36: icmp_seq=7 ttl=43 time=1003 ms • 64 bytes from 197.253.65.36: icmp_seq=9 ttl=43 time=967 ms • 64 bytes from 197.253.65.36: icmp_seq=10 ttl=43 time=972 ms • --- 197.253.65.36 ping statistics --- • 10 packets transmitted, 9 received, 10% packet loss, time 8997ms • rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 960.481/975.940/1003.880/11.900 ms, pipe 2 core4.LDN-London.as6453.net Goes to WASC submarine cables TATA Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  23. Formula for Estimating Costs • Estimating the Coast of Space, Cooling and Powering Data center • Estimation based on HP “Cost model for planning, development and operation of a data center” • Assumptions • Facility size is 30000 sq ft • 10 MW datacenter Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  24. Cost of Renting Spaces • Cost of Space Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  25. Cost of Power Delivery Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  26. Cost of Cooling Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  27. Total Cost Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  28. Selection Results Ranking the countries based on RTT Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  29. Selection Results • Bandwidth X Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  30. Selection Results • Total Space, Power and Cooling costs Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  31. Lessons Learned • Difficults to find … data • The real estate are eager to help. • … Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  32. Future Work • Relevant criteria to select the best location of data center for a cloud provider should be identified. • The data gathered from latency, round trip time and bandwidth should be gained from relevant data center of a cloud provider in real world. • Review Ping and trace utility data multiple time in different times. Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  33. Conclusion • Senegal, Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa are the ideal locations to host data center for cloud provider. • Nigeria has the most suitable features to host one. • Africa has a good opportunity to host datacenter for a cloud provide. • Costs of datacenter may be vary from city to other one. Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  34. References • Amazon Web Services. (2014). Global Infrastructure. Retrieved from http://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/globalinfrastructure/ • Rath, John. DATA CENTER SITE SELECTION. Tech. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. • "BlackSwanZine." Data Center: 10 Places You Don’t Want toBuild. Blackswanzine, 2010. Web. 2 Jan. 2014. • [4] Chang, Shin-Jyh Frank, SusmitHarihar Patel, and James Marc Withers. "An optimization model to determine data center locations for the army enterprise."Military CommunicationsConference, 2007. MILCOM 2007. IEEE. IEEE, 2007. • [5] Hugos, M. H., & Hulitzky, D. (2011). Business in the cloud: What every business needs to know about cloud computing. New York: Wiley. • [6] Lanier, J. (2013). Who owns the future?. London: Allen Lane. • [7] Wang, L. (2012). Cloud computing: Methodology, systems, and applications. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. • [8] Agrawal, G. P. (2010). Fiber-optic communication systems (Vol. 222). John Wiley & Sons. • [9] "How to Meet a Growing Need for More Data Center Capacity."Http://www.ibm.com/us/en/. IBM, Sept. 2012. Web. Oct. 2013. • [10] Nozick, Linda K., and Mark A. Turnquist. "A two-echelon inventory allocation and distribution center location analysis." Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 37.6 (2001): 425-441. • [11] Ebrahimi, Khosrow, Gerard F. Jones, and Amy S. Fleischer. "A review of data center cooling technology, operating conditions and the corresponding low-grade waste heat recovery opportunities." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 31 (2014): 622-638. • [12] Zennaro, M., et al. "Scientific Measure of Africa's Connectivity." Information Technologies & International Development 3.1 (2006). • [13] Nozick, Linda K., and Mark A. Turnquist. "A two-echelon inventory allocation and distribution center location analysis." Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 37.6 (2001): 425-441. • [14] Cloud Computing in Africa Situation and Perspectives. Tech. ITU, 20 Apr. 2012. Web. Feb.-Mar. 2014. • [15] Data Center Map." - Colocation, Cloud, Managed Hosting Etc.N.p., n.d. Web. Mar. 2014. <http://www.datacentermap.com/>. • [16] Submarine Telecoms INDUSTRY REPORT. Rep. Terabit Consulting, 2013. Web. • [17] African Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania. African Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania. Web. 15 Feb. 2014. • [18] Pappa, Farrah. "The Do's and Dont's of Data Center Planning." The Do's and Dont's of Data Center Planning. Web. 15 Feb. 2014. • [19] Map of Earthquakes Today." Map of Earthquakes Today. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2014. • [20] Earthquakes .Web. Feb. 2014. <Earthquake Hazards Program>. Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

  35. References • [21] P&S. "Tsunami Strikes African Coast." Tsunami Strikes African Coast. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2014. • [22] "Nigeria Economy Set to Leapfrog South Africa on Data Revamp."Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg, 7 May 2014. Web. 11 Apr. 2014. • [23] Nigeria. Official Website. Web. Feb. 2014. <http://www.nigeria.gov.ng/index.php>. • [24] "Selecting A Data Center Site: Intel's Approach." N.p., Feb. 2014. Web. Feb. 2014. <http://connectedsocialmedia.com/intel/7426/it-best-practices-data-center-site-selection/> • [25] Selecting a Location for an HPC Data Centre. Tech. N.p.: n.p., 2013. Web. <http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://www.prace-project.eu/IMG/pdf/hpc-centre-location-whitepaper-2.pdf>. • [26] "Africa’s International Bandwidth Growth to Lead the World." Africa's International Bandwidth Growth to Lead the World. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Mar. 2014. • [27] Hurricanes VS Tornadoes. Diffen, n.d. Web. Mar. 2014. • [28] Parekh, Sanjay M., et al. "Systems and methods for determining collecting and using geographic locations of Internet users." U.S. Patent No. 6,757,740. 29 Jun. 2004. • [29] Nmap Free Security Scannar. Web. Jan. 2014. <http://nmap.org/>. • [30] TATA, n.d. Web. Apr. 2014. <http://lg.as6453.net/bin/lg.cgi>. • [31] Patel, Chandrakant D., and Amip J. Shah. "Cost model for planning, development and operation of a data center." (2005). • [32] "Nigeria Becomes Africa's Biggest Economy." BBC. N.p., 06 Apr. 2014. Web. 06 Apr. 2014. <www.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-26913497%E2%80%8E>. • [33] "Cloud Uptake Set to Explode Across Africa." Cisco. Web. 26 Mar. 2014. <http://www.cisco.com/web/ZA/press/2013/112813.html>. • [34] Hanson, Stephanie. "Nigeria’s Creaky Political System." Council on Foreign Relations, Apr. 2007. Web. <http://www.cfr.org/nigeria/nigerias-creaky-political-system/p13079>. • [35] "Top 10 Internet Countries in Africa." PC Tech Magazine. N.p., Feb. 2014. Web. Apr. 2014. <http://pctechmag.com/2014/02/top-10-internet-countries-in-africa/>. • [36] "Political System." Wikipedia. Web. Mar. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_system>. • [37] "GLOBAL BROADBAND." Netindex. N.p., n.d. Web. Feb. 2014. <www.netindex.com>. • [38] McConnell, A., et al. "Selecting a Data C based Location." Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

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