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GERIATRIC FITNESS

GERIATRIC FITNESS . Dr. G. SUBBULAKSHMI, PRESIDENT, NSI, Mumbai Chapter. PURPOSE. Goals and elements of geriatric assessment? Comparative merits of different methods in carrying out a geriatric assessment?

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GERIATRIC FITNESS

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  1. GERIATRIC FITNESS Dr. G. SUBBULAKSHMI, PRESIDENT, NSI, Mumbai Chapter

  2. PURPOSE • Goals and elements of geriatric assessment? • Comparative merits of different methods in carrying out a geriatric assessment? • Evidence that a geriatric assessment is effective? If so, in what settings, for whom, and for which outcomes? • Linkages to clinical management systems are required? • Priorities for future research in geriatric assessment? What

  3. FUNCTIONAL FITNESS • PHYSICAL FITNESS • PHYSIOLOGICAL FITNESS • PSYCHOLOGICAL FITNESS

  4. NEED FOR ASSESSMENT • ENDURANCE LOWERS • COORDINATION DECLINES • SPEED DECREASES • MOTOR TASKS - POOR • COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE DECLINE • PHYSIOLOGICAL DETERIORATION • NEUROLOGICAL STATUS • PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

  5. Traditional, spiritual, religious practices • Surya Namaskar • Sit ups for Lord Ganesha • “Japa” = pranayam? • Bow down to elders • Balance water pots on the head • Pooja activities

  6. SELF ASSESSMENT • Postal questionnaires were associated with higher response rates but also higher proportions of missing values than were interview methods. • Lower estimates of self reported morbidity were obtained with the nurse interview method and to a lesser extent with the lay interview method than with postal questionnaires. • Self assessment of health and fitness with an intention of keeping fit and free from illness is very well accepted.

  7. MERITS OF SELF ASSESSMENT • SELF APPRAISAL • SATISFYING • PERIODIC ASSESSMENT • LOW COST • EARLY DIAGNOSIS • PRIDE • DISCOVER THEIR POTENTIALS

  8. DETERMINANTS OF INDEPENDENCE • Flexibility - Leighton Flexometer. • Strength - modified sphygmomanometer. (This is for Blood pressure measurement, not for blood pr.) • Cardio respiratory fitness - self-paced walking test. • Body size factors - Std methods. • In capacity Index is associated with participation in outdoor activities, greater shoulder flexibility, and a faster normal walking speed.

  9. FRAILTY TEST • Frailty is a valid and clinically important construct that is recognizable by physicians. Clinical judgments about frailty can yield useful predictive information. • Clinical Frailty Scale performs better than measures of cognition, function or co morbidity in assessing risk for death

  10. FRAILTY SCALE • 7-point Clinical Frailty Scale applied to measure frailty on 2305 elderly patients who participated in the second stage of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA) and were followed prospectively; after 5 years, determined the ability of the Clinical Frailty Scale to predict death or need for institutional care, and correlated the results with those obtained from other established tools. (I feel How one does the Frailty test is more important that the study description)

  11. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY SCALE • The PASE is a brief, easily scored, reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of physical activity in epidemiologic studies of older people.PASE scores were positively associated with grip strength (r = 0.37), • static balance (r = +0.33), • leg strength (r = 0.25) and • negatively correlated with resting heart rate (r = -0.13), • age (r = -0.34) • perceived health status (r = -0.34); and • overall Sickness Impact Profile score (r = -0.42).

  12. PASE • Item weights for the PASE were derived by regressing a physical activity principal component score on responses to the PASE. • The component score was based on 3-day motion sensor counts, a 3-day physical activity dairy and a global activity self-assessment. • Test-retest reliability, assessed over a 3-7 week interval, was 0.75 (95% CI = 0.69-0.80). Reliability for mail administration (r = 0.84) was higher than for telephone administration (r = 0.68).

  13. OPTOELECTRONIC MOVEMENT ANALYSIS • PLM TEST – POSTURAL, LOCOMOTION, MANUAL • The subject is asked to move an object repetitively between the floor and a shelf thereby forcing their body through postural changes, locomotion and goal directed arm movement. • The PLM phase duration is automatically calculated by the computer from the vertical velocity of the head, displacement of the feet and angular velocity of the upper arm.

  14. MEASUREMENTS • Movement Time • The Postural Phase • The Locomotor Phase • The Manual Phase • The Simultaneity Index

  15. ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING • I-ADL Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (cleaning, shopping, transporting and cooking). • P-ADL Personal Activities of Daily Living (bathing, dressing, going to the toilet, transfer, continence and feeding).

  16. MENTAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT • MEMORY • COORDINATION BETWEEN THOUGHT AND SPEECH • CALCULATIONS • CONFUSION

  17. INTERVIEW • Questions to assess thinking, Reasoning, and memory (your cognitive functioning). • Questions that assess thought processes, logical thinking, perceptions, and potential for suicide may also be included in the interview.

  18. PHYSIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION • The health professional may evaluate the nervous system by testing the reflexes, balance, and senses (hearing, taste, sight, smell, and touch).

  19. MENTAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT • A mental health assessment may involve one or more verbal or written tests, often in the form of questionnaires and rating scales. The answers are then rated and scored by the health professional. (We want to teach the participant how to score, they will be the health professionals) • Questionnaires generally contain 20 to 30 questions that can be answered quickly, often in a "yes" or "no" format.

  20. LABORATORY TESTS • Laboratory tests on a blood or urine sample may be part of the mental health assessment. If a nervous system problem is suspected, tests such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalography (EEG), or a computed tomography (CT) scan may be done. Laboratory tests to detect physical ( Physiological??) problems may include thyroid function tests, electrolyte levels, or toxicology screening (to detect drug or alcohol problems).

  21. SPECIFIC TESTS • Specific disorders, such as depression. These include the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Geriatric Depression Scale. • General levels of functioning include the Mini Mental State Examination. • The ability to carry out routine activities, such as eating, dressing, shopping, or banking.

  22. COMPREHENSIVE GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT • This process is defined as a multidisciplinary evaluation in which the multiple problems of older persons are uncovered, described, and explained. • Has been used for many nonclinical purposes, including research, education, health policy, and administration.

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