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Physiology - Homeostasis

Physiology - Homeostasis. 9a. Know how the complementary activity of major body systems provides cells with oxygen & nutrients & removes toxic waste such as CO 2

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Physiology - Homeostasis

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  1. Physiology - Homeostasis • 9a. Know how the complementary activity of major body systems provides cells with oxygen & nutrients & removes toxic waste such as CO2 • 9b. Know how the nervous system mediates communication between different parts of the body & the body’s interactions with the environment. • 9c. Know how feedback loops in the nervous & endocrine systems regulate conditions in the body.

  2. What is Homeostasis? • The body maintaining a CONSTANT internal environment or steady state, even though things are changing! • Body Systems that are regulated: Circulatory Respiratory Digestive Nervous

  3. Circulatory & Respiratory Systems • The respiratory system brings oxygen to the circulatory system (which distributes it to our body) and removes carbon dioxide from the circulatory system via diffusion

  4. Gases Exchanged via Diffusion • Diffusion – flow from an area of high concentration to low concentration • Oxygen goes from our lungs to our heart (blood) where diffusion occurs between oxygen & carbon dioxide, which is brought back to the lungs

  5. Digestive System & Circulatory System • Digestive System gives GLUCOSE to the circulatory system • BODY CELLS – use it for cellular respiration to make ATP • FAT CELLS – use it to make (fatty acids) fat • LIVER CELLS – use it to make glycogen (fat) • Cellular respiration: O2 + Glucose > ATP + CO2 + H2O

  6. Regulating Glucose in the Bloood(homeostasis) • HORMONES! • Endocrine System • 2 from the PANCREAS! • Insulin • High blood sugar causes it to be released • Causes glucose to go from blood into the cells • This lowers blood sugar • Also causes formation of glycogen in the liver (stored energy)

  7. Regulating Glucose in the Bloood • Glucagon • Released when glucose is very low • Not enough glucose for the body…only enough for the nervous system • Causes glycogen to be broken down into glucose • Causes fats to be broken down

  8. Diabetes Type 1 Type 2 Insulin Resistance & Deficiency Genetic Risk factors: lifestyle factors like excess weight, diet, lack of exercise, high blood pressure Symptoms may not show for many years and, by the time they appear, significant problems may have developed • Insulin Dependent • The body destroys the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin • Must inject insulin & follow a strict diet & exercise routine • Can be genetically predisposed or caused by a virus / chemicals

  9. Other Source of Energy • Protein • Amino acids are an energy source for our body • Must be deaminated, which forms ammonia (a toxin) that is excreted by the kidneys as urea (pee)

  10. Feedback Loops (Nervous & Endocrine) • Used to regulate body conditions • The presence or absence of hormones act as a trigger • Leptin • Carried by blood to the brain where it inhibits appetite • Decrease in fat reserves causes leptin to decrease causing us to feel hungry

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