An Introduction To Sociolinguistics

1. Gender And Age Gender And Age Gender And Age AnIntroductionTo Sociolinguistics

2. GENDER AND AGE CHAPTER : 7 Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities Gender-preferential speech features: Social dialect research Gender and social class Explanation of woman’s linguistic behavior Age-graded features of speech Age and social dialect data Age grading and language change

3. Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities FL: “Desano” FL: “Tuyuka” “Desano” “Tuyuka” “Tuyuka” Tayana Tatyana's Husband 1

4. Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities ≠ (SPEAK) MEN WOMAN 2

5. Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities A B C D E F 3

6. Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities MORPHOLOGY [k3a’tsa] [kja’tsa] “BREAD” 4

7. Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities BISEXUAL

8. Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities Different Language Add by suffixes or affixes Pronunciation or word-shape (morphology). Sample 1: Japanese ; Woman’s form Men’s form OtoosanOyaji = Father Sample 2: Yana ; Woman’s form Men’s form BaBa - na = Deer

9. Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities (Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities) It mean some forms are used only by woman and other Are used only by men. back

10. Gender-preferential speech features: Social dialect research Western Community =

11. Gender-preferential speech features: Social dialect research Frequencies Western Community SWIMMING TYPING Much : Ing Fewer : In Much : In Fewer : Ing

12. Gender-preferential speech features: Social dialect research Western Community SWIMMIN TypIN SWIMMIN TypIN SWIMMIN TypIN SWIMMIN TypIN SWIMMIN TypIN SWIMMING TypiING SWIMMING TypiING SWIMMING TypiING SWIMMING TypiING SWIMMING TypiING =

13. Gender-preferential speech features: Social dialect research Montreal, French = Men more often delete [I] than woman. Sydney = Men more often pronounce the initial sound thing as [f] than woman. Woman tend to use more of standard forms than men do back

14. Gender Social class Men = Vernacular Woman = Linguistics Form back

15. Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior • The social status explanation (Worked) = Standard form (Not Worked) = Vernacular

16. Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior Woman’s rules as guardian of society’s values Make Misbehavior (QUICKLY CORRECTED) Make Misbehavior (TOLERATED)

17. Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior “Syntax” “Morphology”

18. Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior Vernacular, Relaxed, Informal

19. Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior Subordinate groups must be polite

20. Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior Vernacular forms express machismo (Macho Connotation of masculinity & toughness) back

21. Age-graded features of speech Higher Pitch Lower Pitch (masculine) back

22. Age and social dialect data More Standard Vernacular back

23. Age grading and language change Often Seldom back