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Introduction. Question!. 01000001. 1 Byte = 8 bits ASCII Code American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Apple II -> Year 1977 My First personal Computer, year 1985!!!. 1 Byte = 8 bits. X 2 ^10. 1024 Byte = 1KB. 48KB. Question! How many times bigger?.
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Question! 01000001 1 Byte = 8 bits ASCII Code American Standard Code for Information Interchange
Apple II -> Year 1977 My First personal Computer, year 1985!!! 1 Byte = 8 bits X 2^10 1024 Byte = 1KB 48KB Question! How many times bigger? USD 1 = KRW 1150 USD 214= KRW 247,000
Electric Power& Tariff How much of electric power to be consumed if this computer is ‘power on’ for one whole month? 500W x 24Hourx 30Days = 360,000Wh = 360kWh
Korea Nuclear Power Plants(Kori) One Nuclear Power Plant Capacity 1GW = 1,000MW = 1,000,000kW
Photovoltaic East Sun Power Gen. Co. • 24MW, 0.7Mil m2 , US 200Mil. 1 Nuclear Power Plant => 1GW = 1000MW 24MW x 40 approx. 1000MW Capacity : to be equivalent to 1 Nuclear Power Plant (x 40 times) -> 28 Mil m2 , US 8,000 Mil. (US 8 Bil.) Power Generation: to be equivalent to 1 Nuclear Power Plant (x 5 times) (with capacity factor of 20%, tracking device) -> 140 Mil. m2 , US 40 Bil. ** Still we don’t get power during the night, rainy days,…
Technical Advancements (ex: Wind) Source: SRREN, IPCC, 2011
Wind Project - SaemanKeum • Source: Prefeasibility test of Saemankeum Proj., KDI, 2009
Wind Power Wind Power Generation Calculation Power Prod. Power Curve Wind Speed Probability Wind Probability Distribution and Power Curve of Wind Mill Wind Distribution Power Curve
Load Forecast Window Base load Intermediate load Peak load
Conversion Sector Primary Energy Energy Balance (TOE) Elect. City-Gas Petroleum Products (Non-Energy) Petroleum Products (Energy) Coal Final Energy
GCAM 모형의 장점 • IPCC (2000)에 의하면 18개 국가의 50명이 넘는 저자들로 구성된 팀으로 작성한 SRES (Special Report: Emission Scenarios)를 2000년 3월 WGIII회의에서 채택하였다고 보고 • AIM (NIES)m GRAPE (IAE), IGSM (MIT), IMAGE (MNP), IPAC (ERI), MESSAGE (IIASA), MiniCAM (PNNL)의 후보모형 선택 • 이들 후보군에서 • 일관성있는 자료를 제공하고, • 연구결과가 심사과정을 거쳐 게재되어야 하고, • 관련 연구에 참여할 의사가 있어야 하며 • 모형이 데이터요구를 충족할 수 있고, • 모형팀이 충분한 경험이 있어야 하는 등 의 조건을 충족하는 다음의 모형들과 RCP가 선정 4가지 SRES의 특징과 관련 시나리오들 출처: IPCC (2000) RCP와 관련 모형
Introduction • GCAM is a global integrated assessment model of interactions among the global economic, energy, agricultural and land use, climate, and technology systems. • IA models are not predictive - but should be used as research and analysis tools to aid understanding of the complexities and interactions. • GCAM was one of four models chosen to create the representative concentration pathways for the IPCC’s AR5 South Korea is already a separate region Long-term model (runs through 2095) Dynamic and recursive model Technologically detailed
GCAM(PNNL) • 에너지 시스템, 농업&토지이용, 기후, 경제 부문이 연결되어 있음 • 에너지와 농업&토지이용의 공급측면에 있어 여러 기술의 적용이 가능 • 전력 부문에 있어 화석연료 이외에 원자력, 수력, 태양에너지, 풍력, 지열을 포함하고각각의 원별 시장에서 건물, 산업, 수송 부문으로의 투입구조 • Energy Demand is determined by the GDP and the energy demand technologies • Energy Supply is determined by the Resource Bases and Energy Conversion Technologies • The flow of energy from supply side (primary and secondary fuels) and end- use sectors (buildings, industrial, transportation) 자료 : Calvin K., 2010
End-Use Technology 감안, 기존모형개선 Economy (경제) 부문의 모형을 일반균형모형 (CGE)와 연계하는 로직개발
Integration Discussed by IPCC International governance Chapters 13 - 16 Regional governance National and local governance Individual and firm perspective Energy Integrated view: Chapters 5 & 6 Issues of risk & uncertainty Transport Buildings Economic & ethical concepts and methods Sustainable development & equity Industry Chapters 2 - 4 AFOLU Cities 출처 : LAM3, IPCC, Nov. 2012
Energy System Analysis vs. Integrated Assessment Model 출처 : LAM3, IPCC, Nov. 2012