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The Civil War

The Civil War. Politics, Life, Events During the Civil War. CONFEDERACY. Politics in the South What was the war about ? *States Rights v. *Federal Power

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The Civil War

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  1. The Civil War Politics, Life, Events During the Civil War

  2. CONFEDERACY • Politics in the SouthWhat was the war about? *States Rights v. *Federal Power • Mobilizing an Army Draft (conscription) and Taxes • States Rights(South)(will not cooperate with each other) • Help from Europe-Recognition as a independent Nation -Great Britain (HELP) • 18 to 35 (able bodied whites) • 1864 losses changed to 17 to 50 • Rich planters were exempt (20+) • Most southerners fighting DIDN’T Own a slave

  3. UNION Politics in the North (is it worth it?) • UNIFY the Country • Tensions w/ Great Britain • Push them to remain NEUTRAL • Financial Measures- 3% income tax -national currency (Greenbacks) • Emergency Wartime Measures-Draft / “Lincoln declares Martial Law & Arrests” Copperheads • Writ of Habeas Corpus SUSPENDED • NO TRIAL / NO HEARINGS

  4. The North Initiates the Draft, 1863

  5. 92% were volunteers • Age 20 to 45 for Three (3) years • Allowed Substitutes to be hired • Pay $300 to avoid Conscription • BOUNTY JUMPERS

  6. Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYC

  7. African-American Recruiting Poster

  8. Recruiting Blacks in NYC

  9. NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)

  10. NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863) • 1863 • poor crowded into slums • Poverty-Crime-Disease are rampant • Poor white (immigrant) workers - against fighting a war to free slaves (who is freeing me?) • Fear “free” blacks competing for jobs Political & Economic Fear (NATIVISM)

  11. North - $$Economic Boom$$ -Immense Profits / Jobs Growth -Sets Economy for next 100 yrs. -1st Income Tax (to pay for war) • Trans-Continental RR: 1862 • Homestead Act: 1862westward expansion • Medical Improvements • Sanitary Commissions • “Angels of the Battlefield” Clara Barton - The Red Cross • (Antiseptic for Wounds) • Joseph Lister (1865 England)

  12. The Hardships of War . . . • The Southern Economy (blockade effects) * inflation and starvation * Lack of Labor * Women Fill Jobs * Food v. Cotton * Hyper Inflation Prices • Prison Camps (north & south) (Camp Andersonville - South Georgia) (Camp Douglas - Chicago) “Eighty Acres of Hell” Death and Disease

  13. Emancipation and the War . . . . • Lincoln and the issue of slavery • Personal View (moral issue) • But did Federal Gov’t have authority to abolish it where it already existed? • Military Strategy (win the war) • Force British Neutrality • Slaves (in south) could be “freed” by Army as they fight • Would hurt their war effort • Abolitionist’s PUSH the effort • African-American’s want to fight

  14. Emancipation and the War . . . . • Emancipation ProclamationJan. 1, 1863 - Slavery issue of War • Results of the Proclamation • Was a Military Action - NO Immediate Effect • Only applied to areas (to be conquered) behind Confederate Lines • Reaction to the Proclamation -Promised Freedom if Union WINS -Inspired runaways/ Join to fight -Pressures England (NOT) support South

  15. Emancipation in 1863

  16. Slavery becomes the “Main Issue” - Hurt the south’s war effort - Abolitionist’s (Radical Republicans) - Foreign Aid for the South

  17. African Americans Fight The Contraband Issue Re-enslaved / Shot on Sight • New York City Draft Riots • Political / Economic Fear (NATIVISM) • The New York City Draft Riots of 1863 • African American Soldiers-by 1865 180,000 had joined -54th Massachusets • (Ft. Wagner,SC) • Movie: GLORY • Sgt. William Carney (Congressional Medal of Honor)

  18. April 12, 1861 Confederate Troops fire on Union troops in Fort Sumter • April 15th Lincoln calls for volunteers to Stop the Rebellion ( Preserve the Union ) • Other States Secede VA, NC, TN, AR • Border Slaves States remain in the Union DE, MD, KY, MO • Copper Heads – Southern sympathizers in North (Border States) UNION CONFEDERACY

  19. Civil War 1861-1865

  20. The Union & Confederacy in 1861

  21. Western Campaign BATTLES Eastern Campaign BATTLES CIVIL WAR 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865

  22. “CIVIL WAR” Western Campaign BATTLES Feb - Grant / Tennessee April - Battle of Shiloh June - Memphis - New Orleans July 4 - Vicksburg Surrenders Sept - Chickamauga Nov - Chattanooga Sherman Attacks Georgia Sept - Atlanta Captured * Sherman’s March to the SEA * Eastern Campaign BATTLES July - 1st Battle of Bull Run March - Monitor v. Merrimac Aug - 2nd Battle of Bull Run Sept - Antietam Dec - Fredericksburg May - Chancellorsville July 3 - Gettysburg March – Grant Eastern Commander * Lincoln Re-Elected Grant Wears Down Lee April - Richmond Surrenders 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 Robert E. Lee - SURRENDERS

  23. Civil War Strategy

  24. The UNION “Anaconda” Plan Capture the capital of the Confederacy (Richmond, VA) Capture the Mississippi R. and Split the Confederacy Blockade the Confederacy and … STARVE TO DEATH! Eastern Campaign Western Campaign

  25. War Strategies (Union v. Confederate) • Union - Anaconda Plan (Three Prong Attack) 1- capture Richmond (capital) 2- capture Mississippi River 3- Blockade the South (starvation) • South - War of Attrition fight to make the other side “QUIT” • 1st Modern Industrial War • New War Technologies (mass production) • Trench Warfare • Means EXTREMELY HIGH CASUALTIES

  26. North vs. South in 1861

  27. Rating the North & the South

  28. Railroad Lines, 1860

  29. Resources: North & the South

  30. Men for Duty in the Civil War

  31. UNION + +population 22 mil. ( 3 X fighting men) +90% of Factories +2/3 Railroads +3/4 countries Financial resource +Civil Leadership Disadvantages -Poor Military Leadership Difficult Strategy CONFEDERATE + +Defend it’s soil +Better Military Leadership +Used to Guns +”King Cotton” Disadvantages -NO factories -Less Resources -Poor Civil Leadership Advantage & Disadvantage

  32. “CIVIL WAR” Western Campaign BATTLES Feb - Grant / Tennessee April - Battle of Shiloh June - Memphis - New Orleans July 4 - Vicksburg Surrenders Sept - Chickamauga Nov - Chattanooga Sherman Attacks Georgia Sept - Atlanta Captured * Sherman’s March to the SEA * Eastern Campaign BATTLES July - 1st Battle of Bull Run March - Monitor v. Merrimac Aug - 2nd Battle of Bull Run Sept - Antietam Dec - Fredericksburg May - Chancellorsville July 3 - Gettysburg March – Grant Eastern Commander * Lincoln Re-Elected Grant Wears Down Lee April - Richmond Surrenders 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 Robert E. Lee - SURRENDERS

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