1 / 18

Fertility Regulation Behaviors and Their Costs

Fertility Regulation Behaviors and Their Costs. Elizabeth Lule Washington, DC July 16, 2008. Presentation Outline. Global Trends in fertility behavior Unmet need for contraception and unintended pregnancies Costs associated with Fertility Regulation Recommendations and Policy Implications.

jaron
Download Presentation

Fertility Regulation Behaviors and Their Costs

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Fertility Regulation Behaviors and Their Costs Elizabeth LuleWashington, DC July 16, 2008

  2. Presentation Outline • Global Trends in fertility behavior • Unmet need for contraception and unintended pregnancies • Costs associated with Fertility Regulation • Recommendations and Policy Implications

  3. Study Methodology • Review existing research on global trends in fertility regulation behaviors, economic medical and social consequences, costs and cost effectiveness of interventions • Regional reviews of Africa and ECA with contrasting contexts to examine the role of contraception and induced abortion and supply and demand factors • Two country case studies to estimate costs to families, households, and national health systems • Nigeria: Survey in 8 states, household based survey interviews of women, interviews of hospital physicians and cost data collected • Kazakhstan: Three stage stratified sampling of health facilities to look at provider attitudes and gather direct and indirect costs and intervention costs • Identify study limitations and research gaps • Identify and discuss policy implications with governments

  4. Trends in Total Fertility Rate by Region, 1950 -2005 Sources: UN 2004; World Bank 2007.

  5. Trends in Contraceptive Prevalence Rates (modern methods) in Select African countries NOTE: CPR represents women ages 15-49 years old using modern methods of contraception Source: Demographic and Health Surveys

  6. Trends in Contraceptive Prevalence Rates (modern methods) in Select ECA Countries Source: Westoff 2005

  7. Mean ideal number of children, by current age of woman in ECA Source: Westoff 2005

  8. Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR) by Region and Wealth Quintile(DHS 1995-2005, most recent country data) Note: Regional CPR averages are unweighted. Source:Demographic and Health Surveys

  9. Unintended Pregnancy and Unmet Need for Contraception By region and Pregnancy Outcomes (205 million) Unmet need by Region Source: Sedgh G. et al 2007

  10. Mortality due to Unsafe Abortion Source: Ahman and Shah, 2007

  11. Progress Towards MDGs: Inadequate Trend In Under-five Deaths, 1960-2015 (Millions Deaths Per Year)

  12. Trends in skilled attendant at birth:off track Source: UNICEF

  13. Direct and Indirect Costs • Globally, cost to women’s health – 5 million suffer from disability including infertility, poor mental health and stigma • Transport costs are high especially for the poor • Loss of productivity and earnings • Hospitalization costs – mean per patient cost estimated at US $96-$131 • Cost to health systems – In Nigeria, 185,000 cases of post abortion complications cost $19 million in 2005. In Kazakhstan, contraceptive use as an alternate to abortion is at least 3.2 times more cost-effective to avert one birth

  14. Recommendations and Policy Implications (1) • Failure to provide access to convenient, safe, affordable and acceptable choices for contraception appears to perpetuate unnecessary reliance on abortion • To reach MDGs 4 and 5, countries and donors need to address unmet need and growing demand for contraception especially for young, poor and rural women and men in developing countries • Given that contraception is more cost effective than abortion, countries and donors need to invest more in: • improving access to contraceptive knowledge and services, particularly to young women • ensuring commodity security in the long-term

  15. Recommendations and Policy Implications (2) • Improve health systems and overall family planning provision including supply chains • Improve access to affordable, basic social and health services, particularly education for girls and labor participation for women • More research on socio-economic impact of unsafe abortion on women, households and health systems and document benefits

  16. Acknowledgements • Donor support from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), UNFPA, and the Hewlett Foundation • Co-authors Susheela Singh and Sadia Chowdhury and contributing authors • Other institutions: Guttmacher Institute, Princeton University, UNFPA, and USAID

  17. Thank You

More Related