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Quiz 1 -- Review

Quiz 1 -- Review. Psych 1A – Spring, 2011. Switch to Slide Show View before starting. What is Psychology?. Psychology can be defined as the discipline concerned with. the mind, what it is, and how it works.

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Quiz 1 -- Review

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  1. Quiz 1 -- Review Psych 1A – Spring, 2011 • Switch to Slide Show View before starting

  2. What is Psychology? Psychology can be defined as the discipline concerned with . . . the mind, what it is, and how it works. behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism's physical state, mental state, and external environment the understanding and treatment of mental disorders the understanding of people and relationships

  3. What is Psychology? Unlike modern psychologists, great thinkers of the past . . . wanted to describe, predict, understand, and modify behavior wanted to know what motivated people's actions. relied heavily on empirical evidence relied on observations based on anecdote and description of individual cases

  4. What is Psychology? Who established the first psychological laboratory in 1879? Joseph Gall Wilhelm Wundt William James John Locke

  5. What is Psychology? Which school of psychology emphasizedthe purpose of behavior as opposed to its analysis and description? Behaviorism Structuralism Humanism Functionalism

  6. What is Psychology? Who founded the field of psychoanalysis? Sigmund Freud E. B. Tichener Wilhelm Wundt William James

  7. What is Psychology? Which modern perspective focuses on how people reason, remember, understand language, and solve problems? The sociocultural perspective The psychodynamic perspective The cognitive perspective The learning perspective

  8. What is Psychology? An important movement in psychology that emerged in the 1960s and rejected psychoanalysis and behaviorism was: Gestalt psychology Evolutionary perspective Humanism Feminism

  9. What is Psychology? Which of the following is the aspect of psychology least recognized and understood by the public? Consulting Teaching Research Therapy

  10. What is Psychology? In almost all states, a ________ is required to obtain a license to practice clinical psychology. Master’s Degree (MFT, LCSW) Certificate from a psychoanalytic institute Medical degree (MD) Doctoral degree (PhD, PsyD, Ed.D)

  11. How Do Psychologists Do Research? A(n) ________ is a statement that attempts to predict or to account for a set of phenomena. Operational definition Experiment Theory Hypothesis

  12. How Do Psychologists Do Research? An advantage of case studies is that . . . general behavioral principles can be derived from them they can confirm hypotheses. they can help determine cause and effect. they provide in-depth information about unusual cases.

  13. How Do Psychologists Do Research? Which of the following methods would be most appropriate to study maternal behavior in chimpanzees? Naturalistic observation Correlation Case study Experiments

  14. How Do Psychologists Do Research? An ideal scientist should . . . Rely on scientific intuition not express skepticism of new ideas not make "risky predictions." make sure theories are falsifiable

  15. How Do Psychologists Do Research? An advantage of an experiment is that . . . it is often useful in the first stages of a research program firm conclusions about cause and effect can be drawn it provides a large amount of information on large numbers of people it shows whether two or more variables are related.

  16. How Do Psychologists Do Research? Statistical significance means that . . . results are unlikely to be due to chance results are typical. results are important results are meaningful.

  17. How Do Psychologists Do Research? An advantage of a survey is that . . . firm conclusions about cause and effect can be drawn it is often useful in the first stages of a research program it provides a large amount of information on large numbers of people it shows whether two or more variables are related.

  18. How Do Psychologists Do Research? In a double-blind experiment . . . neither the subjects in the experimental group nor the subjects in the control group know or can see the experimenter neither the subjects nor the researcher know which subjects are in which group neither the subjects in the experimental group nor the subjects in the control group know which group they are in. neither the subjects in the experimental group nor the subjects in the control group know the experimental hypothesis

  19. How Do Psychologists Do Research? Cross-sectional studies allow one to determine the . . . experimenter effects. statistical significance of results. generational differences effect size.

  20. How Do Psychologists Do Research? Which of the following is NOT a reason psychologists study animals? To clarify theoretical questions To discover practical applications To improve human welfare To avoid use of deception

  21. What is Psychology? An important characteristic of critical thinkers is: the acceptance of intuition as a valid source of ideas. the willingness to engage in vigorous debate about the validity of an idea the belief that all opinions are created equal the understanding that judgment of opinions and ideas is inappropriate

  22. What is Psychology? Which of the following is NOT a reason that the frequency of genes in a population may change over many generations? crossover of genetic material mutation. addition of new amino acids copying errors

  23. Genes, Evolution & Environment What are rod-shaped paired structures made of DNA that are located in the nucleus of the cell called? Genomes Genetic Markers Chromosomes Genes

  24. Genes, Evolution & Environment Which of the following is NOT an innate human characteristic? Novelty Walking Basic computational skills Sucking reflex

  25. Genes, Evolution & Environment What is the term for the estimate of the proportion of the total variance in a trait that is attributed to genetics? Nature Effect Heritability Evolutionary Psychology Nativism

  26. Genes, Evolution & Environment Sociobiologists predict that, compared to males, females are more likely to be . . . Promiscuous Monogamous To choose a young, attractive mate Polygamous

  27. Genes, Evolution & Environment Tabula rasa was a term Watson used to describe human nature. The term means: Blank slate Natural selection Innate characteristics Genetic leash

  28. Genes, Evolution & Environment Estimates of the heritability of intelligence: Increase with age Decrease with age Do not change with age Explain differences between groups

  29. Genes, Evolution & Environment Which of the following is not associated with reduced mental ability? Poor prenatal care Malnutrition Stressful family circumstances Having a mentally ill sibling

  30. How Do Psychologists Do Research? APA ethical standards require researchers to: Avoid double-blind studies Avoid the use of deception Limit the use of volunteers as subjects Obtain informed consent from subjects

  31. How Do Psychologists Do Research? Descriptive statistics: Organize and summarize research data Allow determination of statistical significance Allow researchers to draw inferences about their results Show how likely it is that a study’s results occurred merely by chance

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