Bio 9C: Monday, January 3, 2011 Title: Cell Specialization & Muscle Cells

1. Bio 9C: Monday, January 3, 2011Title: Cell Specialization & Muscle Cells • Homework: • Read Section 36-2 (pgs. 926-931, but skip/skim over pg. 929). • Use active reading strategies: see assignment sheet for details. • Extended Do Now: • Get a worksheet and complete Task #1 (5 min) • Compare answers/drawings with your neighbor • Complete Task #2 with the person sitting next to you • Today’s Objectives: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

2. Extended Do Now: “Typical” Human Cell • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

3. Extended Do Now: Specialized Cells have Specialized Structures • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

4. Start your Homework • Read Section 36-2 (pgs. 926-931, but skip/skim over pg. 929). • Take notes in your notebook using the active reading strategies we have discussed, including: • Write a purpose question after skimming over the reading • Take notes on main ideas and key details • Make note of connections and questions as you read • When done reading, summarize 3 main ideas of this section.

5. Musculoskeletal System Biology 9 – Moretti & Dickson

6. Muscle Contractions:Create Body Movements

7. Bio 9C: Tuesday, January 4, 2011Title: Muscle Cells Day 2 • Homework: • In your notebook, write 2 paragraphs describing the following: • What are the major structures of a skeletal muscle cell and how they work together to allow a muscle to contract? • How do muscles, bones, and tendons connect together and help move body parts? Give an example of how a particular body part moves! • Extended Do Now: • What functions does the musculoskeletal system do for the body? • Today’s Objectives: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

8. The Musculoskeletal System • Overall Functions: • Move the body, or parts of the body • Support body & maintain posture (keep you standing/sitting upright) • Made up of… • Skeletal muscles • Bones (skeletal system) • Connective tissues • Tendons connect muscle to bone • Ligaments connect bone to bone • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

9. Skeletal Muscle • Attached to bones • Contracts to create body movements • Controlled voluntarily • Structured with fibers bundled within fibers. The simplest muscle fiber is a muscle cell. Muscle Tissue • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

10. Zoom in… Zoom in more…

11. Skeletal Muscle Cells Structures: Functions: • Long, narrow cells • Filled with specialized cytoskeleton fibers • Many mitochondria • Many nuclei along edges of cell Reach the whole length of a muscle Fibers attach and slide past each other to contract Provide ATP energy for cytoskeleton to move Help make cytoskeleton proteins along the length of the whole cell • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

12. Skeletal Muscle Cells Zoom in… • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

13. Animations: Overview, zoom in, and sarcomere contraction in grasshopper muscles (excellent): • http://entochem.tamu.edu/MuscleStrucContractswf/index.html Simultaneous whole-muscle, cartoon sarcomere, and real muscle fiber contraction (brief): • http://www.edumedia-sciences.com/en/a502-muscle-contraction-sarcomere Actin, myosin, and cross-bridges (detailed): • http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter10/animation__sarcomere_contraction.html • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement • Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

14. Bio 9C: Wednesday, January 5, 2011Title: Muscle Cells Day 3 • Homework: • Complete Chicken Wing Dissection Analysis Questions • Do Now: • Read the Pre-lab for the Chicken Wing Dissection Lab • Today’s Objectives: • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement • Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

15. Chicken Wing Dissection Lab:Rules • Respect for the animals that donated these wings • Safety • Raw meat… keep hands away from mouth, wash hands after. • Scalpels are sharp! • Patience – this might be confusing. That’s OK! You can learn a lot even if you can’t figure out all the parts. • Zero tolerance for fooling around, horseplay, etc. You WILL be asked to lea • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement • Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

16. Chicken Wing Dissection Lab:Materials • Aprons, goggles & gloves • Dissecting tray • Scissors • Dissecting Probe • Chicken Wings • Scalpel (only if you need it). Never cut towards fingers! • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement • Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

17. Chicken Wing Dissection Lab:Procedures • Put a chicken wing on a paper towel. • Peel back or cut away the skin and fat of the largest wing segment to expose the large muscle. This muscle is called the bicep. • Find the tendon that attaches the bicep to the bones of the middle segment of the wing. Tendons are tough, shiny, white cords that join the muscle to the bones. • Use forceps to pull on the tendon of the biceps and observe what happens to the chicken wing. • In the space below, draw a sketch showing how the tendon attaches the biceps muscle to the moveable bone in the wing. Write a sentence describing what happens when you pull on the tendon with the forceps. • Locate the joint between two bones. Observe how the joint is structured, particularly how the bones, tendons, ligaments, and muscles all come together.  • Lastly, break one of the small bones in half (be sure to crack it away from you). Examine the structure of the bone. Make notes and/or drawings. • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement • Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

18. Chicken Wing Dissection Christine Meryam Brunyr Jonathan Julian Kendra Amando Jason Marcus Amanjot Jamesly Asarel Rockens Aaron Marie Obayanna Garlyn Lilliana Crystal Carla Joe Jhon Anthony Karen

19. Chicken Wing Dissection Lab:Anatomy of your hand

20. Bio 9C: Thursday, January 6, 2011Title: Muscle Cells Day 3.5 • Homework: • Complete the Chicken Wing Dissection Assignment • Do Now: • Sit with your lab partner from yesterday (at the lab bench) and compare notes from the chicken wing dissection lab • Today’s Objectives: • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement • Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

21. Short Class (10 min) • Leave backpacks in the room… we are traveling to the YMCA and cannot bring them!

22. Bio 9C: Monday, January 10, 2011Title: Muscle Cells Day 4.5 • Homework: • Do Now: • Today’s Objectives: • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement • Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

23. Muscle Contractions:Create Body Movements • Muscles are attached to at least two points: • Immovable bone to “anchor” muscles • Movable bone - attached by tendons) • Muscle Contracts (gets shorter) • Muscle pulls on the tendon attached to moveable bone • Tendon pulls bone into new position • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement • Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

24. Muscle Contractions: Opposing Muscles Create Movement Examples: • Upper Arm: • Biceps contract: Arm bends at the elbow • Triceps contract: Arm straightens • Lower Leg: • Shin muscle contracts: Foot goes up • Calf muscle contracts: Foot goes down • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement • Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

25. How Muscle Cells Contract • Cytoskeleton fibers (myosin and actin) attach to each other and pull together. • This makes the entire muscle cell get shorter (aka contract). • This process uses a lot of ATP energy (provided by mitochondria). • When the fibers let go, the muscle relaxes. • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement • Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

26. Animations: Overview, zoom in, and sarcomere contraction in grasshopper muscles (excellent): • http://entochem.tamu.edu/MuscleStrucContractswf/index.html Simultaneous whole-muscle, cartoon sarcomere, and real muscle fiber contraction (brief): • http://www.edumedia-sciences.com/en/a502-muscle-contraction-sarcomere Actin, myosin, and cross-bridges (detailed): • http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter10/animation__sarcomere_contraction.html • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement • Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

27. Bio 9C: Tuesday, January 11, 2011Title: Muscle Cells Day 5.5 • Homework: • Complete the analysis questions on the Muscle Contraction Worksheet • Do Now: • Log Into a computer and wiatfor your next instructions • Today’s Objectives: • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement • Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

28. The Anatomy (Physiology) of a Kick • Computer Investigation: The Anatomy of a Kick • http://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih6/Bone/activities/activities_toc.htm • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement • Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement