Emergencies

1. Module 8 Emergencies

2. DISCLAIMER This material was produced under grant number SH-22248-1 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

3. Objectives • After this module you should be able to: • identify the most common emergencies • take the necessary steps to avoid and respond to emergencies

4. your company must have an emergency action plan and should have BOP drills and fire drills the emergency action plan must be available for workers to review

5. Alarms • The types of alarms you might hear • fire • blowout • abandon site • H2S • all clear • You should be trained so that you can readily identify what each alarm means and what action you should take

6. Emergency Action Plan Elements • Procedures for reporting a fire or other emergency • Procedures for emergency evacuation, including type of evacuation and exit route assignments • Procedures to be followed by workers who remain to operate critical operations before they evacuate

7. Emergency Action Plan Elements • Procedures to account for all workers after evacuation • Procedures to be followed by workers performing rescue or medical duties • The name or job title of every employee who may be contacted by workers who need more information about the plan or an explanation of their duties under the plan

8. 911 Emergency Service • 911 will be used on all sites unless the service does not exist in that area • Your company will determine availability • Satellite phones or 2-way radios may be used when cell phone reception cannot be achieved 911

9. Geronimo Line • Setting up the geronimo line • periodically checked, adjusted if necessary • 6-12 feet of sag in the middle • anchor point on ground should be at least 2 times the distance from the derrick as its starting point is high • anchor point should be able withstand a 3000 pound force • You should be trained on its use • Never ride unless in an emergency

10. this geronimo line has been tied off to the ladder, an insufficient anchor point Corrective Action: contact your supervisor and arrange for the anchor point to be moved to the derrick

11. Medical Emergencies • Oil and gas operations are often in remote areas far from emergency medical care • establish a site-wide communication system and a reliable way of contacting EMS on the work site; identify areas of cell phone reception or the phone(s) to be used in the event of an emergency • review the emergency plan and procedures for emergency contact with the employees at all work sites • discuss what to do if a serious injury occurs

12. First Aid Kits • First aid kits should be • kept clean • well stocked • inspected often • available when needed • kept in a visible location • located throughout the site • marked clearly with signage

13. first aid kits must be checked regularly and restocked when necessary

14. Eye Wash Stations and Showers • Many corrosive materials are used in the oil and gas industry • The eyes and body may be harmfully exposed to these materials • Suitable facilities for quick drenching or flushing of the eyes and body shall be provided on the site for emergency use

15. this is an example of an emergency shower

16. this is an example of an emergency eye wash station

17. eye wash stations should be located throughout the site

18. this first aid station is blocked Corrective Action: the space in front of emergency equipment should remain accessible at all times

19. this fire extinguisher is visible and free of obstructions, but needs mounted Corrective Action: mount this extinguisher at least 4 inches but no more than 5 feet high

20. Portable fire extinguishers Fire and employee alarm systems Controlling sources of ignition Storage of flammable materials Disposal of flammable materials Fire Protection Elements

21. Never store flammables in open or unapproved containers Store flammables in a special storage cabinet that is well marked with warning signs for everyone to see Control all ignition sources around flammable liquids Smoke in designated areas only Preventing Fires

23. Open flames Smoking Cutting or welding Static electricity Hot surfaces Electrical and mechanical sparks Sparking tools or devices Lightning Sources of Ignition

24. Dispose of oil-soaked rags in a metal container with a tight-fitting lid keeps oxygen away and reduces chance of fire when exposed to air, some rags can produce enough heat to spontaneously ignite Mark these special containers as “Oil-Soaked Rags ONLY” Disposing of Oil-Soaked Rags

25. Must maintain in a fully charged and operable condition Must keep in their designated places at all times except during use Visually inspect portable extinguishers and hoses monthly Must conduct an annual maintenance check Extinguisher Maintenance

26. Employee Training • Your company must familiarize workers with the general principles of fire extinguisher use • This training must be given at the beginning of employment and annually thereafter

27. PASS PULL AIM SQUEEZE SWEEP

28. Class A ordinary combustibles (wood, cloth, paper) Class B flammable liquids, gases, greases Class C energized electrical equipment Class D combustible metals Class K kitchen grease Extinguisher Classification

29. Diesel Engine Runaway • Based on the principles of operation for diesel engines, gas released into the atmosphere near the air intake can cause the engine to race out of control • Devices that cut off air intake during a “runaway” should be installed on ALL diesel engines – stationary or mobile – where a gas release could occur

30. Internal Combustion Engines • Spark arrestors should be installed on all engines within 100 feet of the wellbore • Rig power emergency shutdown devices should be actuation-checked every week • Other emergency shutdowns should be actuation-checked every month

31. Pressure Release • A pressure release occurs when a high-pressure line or hose fails at either one of the connection points or at some point along its length • This can cause injury to a worker in several ways including • the actual fluid or gas in the line or hose • the line or hose whipping uncontrollably

32. existing wellheads on site should be barricaded and caged

33. hoses can become damaged with nicks, cuts, or gouges and could burst inspect cables and hoses frequently for damage to prevent emergencies

34. Wildlife • Snakes • leave alone; do not play, handle, or harass • always look inside items lying on the ground • if bitten seek medical help immediately • Wasps and bees • food and sugary drinks will attract • if you are allergic, tell your supervisor • Spiders • check your boots • if bitten seek medical help immediately

35. Adverse Weather • Lightning • avoid metal pipes, fences, and poles • follow your company’s policy • Windstorms • wind advisories should be taken seriously • if too windy, stop work, watch for dead limbs and trees, and seek shelter • Tornadoes • keep tract of advisories • if present, seek shelter in basement or areas of building with maximum number of walls

36. Adverse Weather • Sun and UV Exposure • too much sun can damage the skin and cause skin cancer • protect yourself with sun screen or wear long sleeves • Snow and Ice • watch your footing to avoid slips • be aware of ice buildup on equipment • slow down, whether on foot or driving

37. TRAP • Terrorism Response Awareness Training • Terrorism is a political act designed by groups to have their message heard • Methods of terrorism • firearms, explosives/fire, chemical agents, biological agents, and nuclear • Prevention of terrorism • primary prevention • secondary prevention • tertiary prevention

38. Hazwoper • Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response • Emergencies involving hazardous materials require specific attention • Your company or your host employer will be required to follow OSHA regulations concerning hazardous material emergencies • Never attempt the clean up of a hazardous spill unless you are trained

39. PSM • Process Safety Management • Program covers the safe management of hazards associated with processes involving highly hazardous chemicals • Basically, “what could go wrong, and how to deal with it” • If your company has this program, your role might be to perform process evaluations, audits, or investigations

40. Applicable Standards • 1910.38 Emergency Action Plans • 1910.119 Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals • 1910 Subpart L Fire Protection • 1926.35 Employee Emergency Action Plans • 1926 Subpart F Fire Protection and Prevention

41. Your Employer Is Responsible For • Informing workers of the fire and pressure release hazards to which they are exposed • Preparing, implementing, and training on emergency action plans for all types of foreseeable emergencies

42. You Are Responsible For • Being familiar with and following your company’s emergency action plan • Knowing what to do in the event of a medical emergency • Doing your part to prevent fires and pressure release

43. Case Study An equipment operator discovered a co-worker lying motionless. He responded by checking for vital signs and found none. He went to the nearest first aid kit to obtain a clear mouth barrier to begin CPR. The barrier was missing. The county coroner stated that the additional time needed to find a barrier may have contributed to loss of life.

44. Always Remember • Review the emergency action plans and the fire prevention plans • You can prevent fires and pressure releases by taking appropriate actions • Before beginning a job in a new area, locate the nearest • fire extinguisher • eyewash station • emergency shower • emergency exit route

45. Memory Check • How much should a properly tensioned geronimo escape line sag in the middle? • 1-2 feet • 3-5 feet • 6-12 feet • it should not sag at all

46. Memory Check • First aid kits should be • located in a visible location • fully stocked • available for use • all of the above

47. Memory Check • According to OSHA, how often must portable fire extinguishers be visually inspected? • daily • weekly • monthly • annually