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Dicrocoelium dendriticum

Dicrocoelium dendriticum. By: Steph Covey and Ashley Zawacki. Background Information. This is a trematode (fluke) It primarily affects sheep and other ruminants It has an indirect life cycle Common name Lancet fluke Small liver fluke 6 mm – 10 mm full grown. Geographic Location.

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Dicrocoelium dendriticum

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  1. Dicrocoeliumdendriticum By: Steph Covey and Ashley Zawacki

  2. Background Information • This is a trematode (fluke) • It primarily affects sheep and other ruminants • It has an indirect life cycle • Common name • Lancet fluke • Small liver fluke • 6 mm – 10 mm full grown

  3. Geographic Location • Found Worldwide • Frequently present in: • Northern Asia • Europe (especially in Italy) • North America • Northern Africa

  4. Host • Definitive Host: • Sheep, cattle, pigs, goats, rabbits, members of the deer family • Rarely humans • Intermediate Hosts • Snails • Ants

  5. Pathogenesis • Usually infections are light and asymptomatic • Can become more serious and result in cirrhosis and distended bile ducts • Decreased liver function • Anemia • Edema • Weight loss • Sometimes can result in death

  6. Pathogenesis cont. • “Brainworms” in ant • Alter ant’s behavior • Colder temperatures vs. warmer temperatures • Parasite influences the intermediate host to behave in a manner that increases the probability of passage to the definitive host

  7. Diagnosis • Microscopic detection of eggs in stool samples • FALSE INFECTIONS!!!!!!!!! • Common in humans who have ingested raw infected animal liver • Bile fluid containing eggs is actually a more accurate diagnosis than a fecal sample • After animal is slaughtered, can be diagnosed by finding liver flukes in bile ducts or liver • ELISA

  8. Treatment • Praziquantel – treatment of choice • Very expensive and not necessarily economically feasible • Benzimidazoles

  9. Control • Difficult to control! • Ants and snails are too hard to control in pasture • Keep cattle from grazing at night and in early morning when temperatures are cooler (also known as husbandry practices) • Eggs can survive freezing • Practice pasture rotation • Deworm regularly

  10. Sources • Roberts, Larry S. "Foundations of Parasitology." New York: The McGraw-Hill Company, 2009. 277-279. • http://www.cdfound.to.it/html/dicro.htm • http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Dicrocoeliasis.htm • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicrocoelium_dendriticum • http://www.fusabil.org/pdf/pdf_FUSABIL_438.pdf • http://www.nr.gov.nl.ca/agric/animal_diseases/domestic/pdf/dicro.pdf

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