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How DNA Works

How DNA Works. Chapter 4, Sec. 2. Humans have about 100,000 genes There are about 30,000 bases in each gene!!. How many bases would be in all your genes?. 3,000,000,000. The DNA code is read 3 bases at a time The 3 bases code for an amino acid. The amino acids join to form a protein

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How DNA Works

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  1. How DNA Works Chapter 4, Sec. 2

  2. Humans have about 100,000 genes • There are about 30,000 bases in each gene!!

  3. How many bases would be in all your genes? • 3,000,000,000

  4. The DNA code is read 3 bases at a time • The 3 bases code for an amino acid

  5. The amino acids join to form a protein • Humans have about 50,000 different proteins

  6. The order of bases is very important

  7. Ribosomes • Part of the cell where proteins are made

  8. Amino Acids • Make up proteins • 22 known amino acids • Essential (from diet) • Non-essential (body)

  9. Steps for making a protein (pg 89) • Copy DNA strand • DNA moves to cytoplasm • DNA fed through a ribosome • Transfer molecules bring amino acids • Amino acids form a protein

  10. CGT AminoAcids 

  11. What happens when DNA gets damaged or messed up?

  12. Mutations • Change in the order of bases • Damage to bases

  13. 3 types of mutations: t • Deletion – bases are left ou • Insertion – bases are added • Substitution – bases are replaced (most commun) d

  14. DNA is constantly being repaired by enzymes

  15. Mutagen • Anything that causes a mutation in DNA • Chemicals, U.V light, X-rays

  16. ATCCGTACT • TAGGCATGA

  17. THE IGR EDC ATA TET HEB IGB ADR AT • THE BIG RED CAT ATE THE BIG BAD RAT

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