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INDUSTRY in EME

INDUSTRY in EME. How much did it change 1558 - 1667. Intro. English Industry was considered backward in 1558 – by 1700 it was best in Europe. In 1558 was only a way to provide jobs for the poor – by 1667 it was one of the ‘engines of the state’.

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INDUSTRY in EME

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  1. INDUSTRY in EME How much did it change 1558 - 1667

  2. Intro • English Industry was considered backward in 1558 – by 1700 it was best in Europe. • In 1558 was only a way to provide jobs for the poor – by 1667 it was one of the ‘engines of the state’. • This engine increased national power and prosperity. • Was there an Industrial Revolution?

  3. Main areas of Industry

  4. Was there an Industrial Revolution? • Industrial Revolution = rapid increase in output based on new methods, either in technology or organisation, or both. • Many historians and economists believe agriculture has to change before industry can change (they base this idea on what is happening in Africa now) • In 1920’s and 30’s J.U. Nef argued there was a’ Tudor’ revolution btw 1540-1640. Based his assumption on change in Coal industry. • By late 1930’s his views were being challenged by other historians.

  5. Industrial Revolution? • Historians such as Coleman, Deane and Fisher said that the changes that took place were too narrow to be a ‘proper’ revolution. • It is important to remember that in 16th and 17th C industry existed to meet the needs of the people of its OWN time – not those in the future.

  6. COAL • Seen as substitute for wood – especially for the poor • Used in industries which involved boiling of liquids • Brewing; salt boiling; dyeing cloth. • Most development of coal mines was small scale though – hardly industrial revolution stuff?

  7. IronMining • Iron industry largest metal industry in England. • Went from 5000 tons / year in 1558 to 25000 in 1660’s. • Technical innovations – development of blast furnace to take over from bloomery to extract iron. • Blast furnaces were more efficient at heating so produced more iron, but only cast iron, not wrought iron.

  8. Bloomery and Blast Furnace

  9. Smaller scale industries • Normally designed for domestic consumption. • Collectively, more important than major industries = served local market, and day-to-day requirements. • Eg. • Brewing • Baking • Milling (of wheat into grain and then into flour) • Leather making • Clothes makers in all towns

  10. CLOTH INDUSTRY • Outside agriculture, cloth industry biggest employer in EME • Many diff. types of cloth • Traditional heavy broadcloth • Worsteds (middle weight) • Lighter cloth – called New Draperies • Cloth industry suited “putting out” system. Many people doing a part of the process individually. • Technology didn’t allow for larger scale production • Took advantage of people who were ‘underemployed’

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