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The rock cycle

The rock cycle. Before we look at the R o c k C y c l e in more detail,. let’s review some basic information …. Atoms combine to make compounds that combine to make minerals. Minerals are. solid , naturally occurring , inorganic elements or compounds.

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The rock cycle

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  1. The rock cycle

  2. Before we look at theRock Cyclein more detail, let’s review some basic information …

  3. Atoms combine to make compounds that combine to make minerals.

  4. Mineralsare solid, naturally occurring, inorganic elements or compounds having an orderly internal structure and a fixed chemical composition, crystal form and physical properties S N I F C

  5. alunite, amethyst, amphibole, analcite, anatase, andalusite, andesine, andradite, anglesite, anhydrite, ankerite, annabergite, anorthite, anthonyite, anthophyllite, anthraconite, anthraxolite, antigorite, apatite, aphrosiderite, apophyllite, aragonite, ardennite, argentoalgodonite, arsenopyrite, asbestos, atacamite, attapulgite, augite,awarurite, axinite, azurite, babingtonite, baddeleyite, barite, bassetite, bastnaesite, beaconite, beryl, biotite, bismuthinite, blomstrandine, bornite, bowlingite, brannerite, braunite, brochantite, bronzite, brookite, brucite, brunsvigite, buttgenbachite, byssolite, bytownite, calciovolborthite, calcite, calderite, calumetite, carnallite, carnelian, celadonite, celestite, cerargyrite, chabazite, chalcedony, chalcocite, chalconatronite, chalcopyrite, chalcotrichite, chamosite, chert, chloanthite, chlorargyrite, chlorastrolite, chlorite, clinochlore, clino-chrysotile, clinozoisite, collophane, columbite, copiapite, copper, coquimbite, cordierite, corrensite, corundum, covellite, crocidolite, cubanite, cummingtonite, cuprite, dahllite, datolite, daubreelite, delessite, diabantite, diallage, diamond, dickite, digenite, dihydrite, diopside, dioptase, djurleite, dolomite, domeykite, forsterite, francolite, freirinite, fuchsite, fulgurite, galena, garnet, garnierite, gersdorffite, gibbsite, glauconite, goethite, gold, halite, halloysite, halotrichite, harmotome, heterosite, heulandite, hisingerite, hollandite, hornblende,hyacinth, hydrocarbon, hydrohausmannite, hydromica, hydromuscovite, hydrotroilite, hypersthene, iddingsite, illite, ilmenite, isle royale greenstone, jacksonite, jacobsite, jasper, jaspilite, julgoldite, kamacite, kamiokite, kaolinite, kearsargeite, keweenawite, kinoite, koutekite, kupfferite, kutnahorite, kyanite, labradorite, langite, laumontite, lavendulan, lead, lechetelierite, ledouxite, leonhardite, lepidocrocite, lepidolite, manganoan siderite, manganocalcite, marcasite, margarite, marmolite, martite, masonite, maucherite, melaconite, melanochalcite, melanterite, melilite, mercury, mesolite, meta-autunite, metatorbernite, metatyuyamunite, microcline, millerite, minnesotaite, mirabilite, mohawk-algodonite, mohawkite, molybdenite, monazite, montmorillonite, muscovite, nacrite, nantokite, natrojarosite, natrolite, neltnerite, neotocite, niccolite, nontronite, oligoclase, oligonite, olivenite, olivine, orientite, orthoclase, ottrelite, palygorskite, paragonite, paramelaconite, pararammelsbergite, paratacamite, pargasite, patricianite, paxite, pectolite, pennine, pentlandite, peristerite, perthite, pharmacolite, phengite, phillipsite, phlogopite, phosphides, phosphorite, picrolite, picropharmacolite, pigeonite, pistacite, pitchblende, plagioclase, plancheite, plessite, polyhalite, posnjakite, powellite, prehnite, priorite, prochlorite, protolithionite, pyrolusite, pyrope, pyrophyllite, pyrostilpnite, pyroxene, pyrrhotite, quartz, rammelsbergite, rauenthalite, rhodochrosite, rhodonite, riebeckite, ripidolite, roscoelite, rubellan, rutherfordine, rutile, salite, salt, sanidine, saponite, saussurite, scapolite, scheelite, schefferite, schorl, schreibersite, scolectite, seamanite, semi-whitneyite, sericite, serpentine, siderite, silicon, sillimanite, silver, smaltite, smectite, soapstone, specularite, spessartite, sphalerite, sphene, spinel, spodumene, staurolite, steatite, stellerite, stibiodomeykite, stilbite, stilpnomelane, stinkstone, strontianite, sulfur, sussexite, sylvanite, sylvite, synchisite, szaibelyite, taenite, talc, tantalite, tellurium, tenorite, tetrahedrite, thomsonite, thuringite, tirodite, titanite, titanomagnetite, topaz, tourmaline, tremolite, trichalcite, tridymite, troilite, tyrolite, uralite, uraninite, uranothorite, uvarovite, vaterite,, vesuvianite, violarite, viridite, vivianite, vladimirite, wairakite, whitneyite, williamsite, wollastonite, wurtzite, xanthosiderite, xonotlite, zeolite, zircon, zoisite, zonochlorite There are over 2,000 minerals

  6. Minerals combine to form Rocks

  7. Some Rocks are made up of just one mineral - like rock salt (made up of the mineral halite) that is mined near Detroit. Others Rocks are made up of many minerals - like the granites and gneisses (made up of feldspars, quartz, and other minerals) found near Marquette.

  8. What is theRockCycle ? The rock cycle is a sequence of events involving the formation, alteration, destruction, and reformation of rocks as a result of natural processes such as magmatism (melting of rock into magma), erosion, transportation, deposition, lithification, and metamorphism. Glossary of Geology, Bates & Jackson, AGI

  9. The mantle, crust and surface of the earthcan be thought of as a giant recycling machine; rocks are neither created nor destroyed, but redistributed and transformed from one rock type to another. http://www.science.ubc.ca/~geol202/rock_cycle/rockcycle.html March 2000

  10. TheRock Cycleinvolves the recognition of three main classes of rocks all of which are found in Utah. The three rock types are …

  11. SedimentaryRocks MetamorphicRocks IgneousRocks CEMETERY INGENIOUS METABOLIC Right?

  12. Igneous Igneous means “born of fire”

  13. Igneous Rock... • is formed when sediments are melted and cooled

  14. Igneous ... • Cools Very Fast - glassy with holes • Cools Fast - glassy • Cools Slow- small crystals • Cools Very Slow- large crystals. As Cooling Time increases, Crystal Size increases.

  15. Bedrock Mag-ma!

  16. Into the Bedrock On top (Exit) intrusive extrusive (crystals) (no crystals)

  17. Sedimentary rock... • is formed when sediment that has been broken down in some way is pressed and cemented together.

  18. Sedimentary rocks are usually formed in a watery environment. • Often layered • Are the only rocks that contain fossils

  19. Sedimentary Rock... • Can have thick or thin layers • Loosely Compacted • Have distinct particles • Usually dull

  20. Metamorphic rock... • is formed when rocks are changed by heat and pressure.

  21. metamorphic... • Metamorphic rocks will often have foliation or a distorted structure.

  22. Bands (can) form Metamorphic means “changed” Metamorphic!

  23. Metamorphic... • Thin layers • Tightly Compacted • Blurred or stretched particles • Usually shiny

  24. The Rock Cycle Igneous metamorphic Sedimentary

  25. IGNEOUS Crystallization MAGMA

  26. IGNEOUS Intrusive Crystallization MAGMA

  27. Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive Crystallization MAGMA

  28. But then the EARTH’S elements Won’t leave The poor rock alone!

  29. Ice • wind • Water ice wind water

  30. They break up the stone

  31. Weathering Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

  32. SEDIMENT SEDIMENT Weathering Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

  33. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

  34. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

  35. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Crystallization Burial Uplift MAGMA

  36. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Can you see any shortcuts? SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Crystallization Melting Burial Uplift MAGMA

  37. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Increased Pressure & Heat METAMORPHIC Crystallization Melting Burial Uplift MAGMA

  38. THE ROCK CYCLE

  39. Draw three ovals on your paper.

  40. What should go in the blue oval?

  41. Draw two blue arrows to the blue oval. THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY

  42. THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY What should we label these two arrows if they are “formation processes?”

  43. What should we label the green oval? THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction

  44. THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction METAMORPHIC Draw two green arrows to the green oval.

  45. THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction METAMORPHIC What should we label them?

  46. THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Heat & Pressure METAMORPHIC Heat & Pressure What should we label the red oval?

  47. THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Heat & Pressure METAMORPHIC IGNEOUS Heat & Pressure Draw two red arrows toward the red oval.

  48. THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Heat & Pressure METAMORPHIC IGNEOUS Heat & Pressure What should these red arrows be labeled?

  49. THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Heat & Pressure Melting & Cooling Melting & Cooling METAMORPHIC IGNEOUS Heat & Pressure

  50. THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Heat & Pressure Melting & Cooling Melting & Cooling METAMORPHIC IGNEOUS Heat & Pressure There are three arrows missing on this diagram. Can you guess what color the are and where they go?

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