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Abuse of Power in the Catholic Church during the Medieval Era

Explore how the Catholic Church abused its power during the Medieval Era through the use of interdict, the Inquisition, and the Crusades.

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Abuse of Power in the Catholic Church during the Medieval Era

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  1. BELLWORK: November 7th • As you know, the Catholic Church was extremely powerful throughout Medieval Europe. For bellwork today, you will read about how the Church abused their power. • How did Pope Innocent III used interdict? (281) • What is heresy? Why would this be a problem to the church? (283) • Describe the Inquisition. How did it work? What was the goal? (283) • Why did people depend on the Clergy? (284) • THINKER: Who were the Seljuk Turks? (214)

  2. The Inquisition • Heresy: denial of church teachings • To find and punish people who practiced heresy, the church set up the Inquisition. • The Inquisition accused people and forced them to seek forgiveness; showed power of the church.

  3. Mankind: The Story of all of Us - Warriors

  4. BELLWORK: 11/9 • At a 1095 Council meeting in southern France, Pope Urban II asked Christians to take up their weapons and join in a holy war. The pope promised: “All who die shall have immediate remission (forgiveness) of sins.” • How do you think people interpreted this? How does this show the abuse of power in the Catholic Church? • How does this compare to Muslims misrepresenting the idea of jihad? • THINKER: Why might a war fought for religion seem contradictory to their beliefs?

  5. The Crusades Religious Wars of Dominance

  6. The Crusades: Beginning • During the 1000’s, Muslim forces expanded their empire. • One Islamic group, the Seljuk Turks, took control of Jerusalem and surrounding areas. • Jerusalem was a sacred city for Jews, Muslims and Christians……. All wanted control!

  7. The Crusades: Background • The Crusades: Series of nine military battles lasting from1096-1254 • The purpose of the Crusades was for the Christians to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims. • Muslims (Turks/Seljuks) vs. Christians (Rome/Byzantine)

  8. The Crusades: Reading and worksheet • To learn more about these important religious battles, you are going to complete a worksheet. • Pages 285-288 • We will do some portions together, so follow along!

  9. The Crusades: Background • Video Clip!From Textbook Resources • Take notes on: • Who were the Crusaders? • Why did they fight? • How did they fight?

  10. BELLWORK: 11/13 • What was the goal of the Crusades? • Despite their differences, the Holy Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire fight together against the Muslims – why? What were the pope’s ulterior motives? • THINKER: In your opinion, what was the biggest cause of the Crusades? Do you think it was more religious, political or economic? Why?

  11. The First Crusade: Christians unite for Jerusalem! • 1096-1099 • Pope’s “call to arms” unites Christian forces • Ended with the Christian capture of Jerusalem

  12. The Second Crusade: Muslims Fight Back! • 1147-1149 • In response to the Muslim take over of Edessa  King Louis VII of France and German Emperor Conrad III led their armies, but fought constantly • Muslims defeated the Christians and regained control of the Holy Land

  13. The Third Crusade: Crusade of Kings • 1189-1192 • In response to the loss of Jerusalem to Muslims, European Kings (France, England, Holy Roman) united to lead another Crusade • Saladin, a Muslim leader, united all Muslims and developed a well-trained and advanced army • The Christians were unsuccessful and could not capture Jerusalem.

  14. The Fourth Crusade: Trouble & Temptation in Christendom • Pope Innocent III sent Roman armies (from Venice) East in 1202 • Big temptation to conquer Constantinople – commercial center, competition in Mediterranean & could restore Western church • In 1204, the Crusaders attacked Constantinople • Instability in Christendom = furthered divisions between Catholicism and Eastern Orthodox Christianity • Weakened both Christian Empires

  15. Children’s Crusade • A 12-year old boy (Nicholas) claimed he was visited by Jesus and told to lead a Crusade to peacefully convert Muslims to Christianity • Gained a considerable following: 30,000 kids! • He led followers South to the Mediterranean Sea under the assumption that it would part and allow him to cross to Jerusalem • It didn’t part, but two merchants agreed to take the kids by boat. • Instead, they sailed the boats to Northern Africa where the children were sold into slavery.

  16. Fifth & Sixth Crusades • Organized by the King of France – Louis IX • 5th: Lost to Muslim forces in Egypt • 6th: Died as a result of the plague; Muslim forces take over

  17. Effects of the Crusades: Contact with outside world • Ideas spread back and forth • Development of Italian port cities • Growth of trade centers

  18. Effects of Crusades: Feudalism • Civilians did not rely on Feudal manors for protection anymore • As kings charged taxes and raised armies, nobles joined the Crusades, sold their lands and freed serfs. • Europe’s economy switched from land-based to money-based • Increased the power and wealth of monarchs! • Magna Carta • All caused the end of Feudalism!

  19. Effects of the Crusades: Technology • Gunpowder Weaponry • Plate Amour and Helmets • Communication (courier pigeons) • Shipbuilding • Travel

  20. Effects of the Crusades: Education • People became less trusting of church power & motives • The spread of ideas increased the demand for education • Universities established throughout Europe • Literature written in the vernacular (everyday language) instead of Latin • New ideas spurred the Renaissance! The University of Bologna (Italy) was created during the Middle Ages – it is the oldest university in the world!

  21. Other Effects of Crusades • Persecution & segregation of Jews • Development of three strong nation states -- Spain, England and France • Art & architecture – gothic style & religious based • Byzantine Empire falls – Muslims take Constantinople

  22. Art and Architecture

  23. Fall of Constantinople & End of Byzantine Empire - 1453 Constantinople never recovered from the Fourth Crusade – Muslim armies exploited this weakness!

  24. Nursery Rhymes • Nursery Rhymes were the earliest political cartoons. • At the time, it was extremely dangerous to criticize the government, so people disguised their feelings with nursery rhymes. • We are going to read three of the most popular nursery rhymes and learn what they really mean.

  25. Video: The Crusades • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fLa7HCEf3YM

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