Download
1 / 27
290 likes | 427 Views
microbemagic.ucc.ie. Taxonomy is the science dealing with the description, identification, naming, and classification of organisms. Classification is the ‘grouping’ of organisms based on particular characters and is not arranged in hierarchical order.
E N D
Taxonomy is the science dealing with the description, identification, naming, and classification oforganisms. Classification is the ‘grouping’ of organisms based on particular characters and is not arranged in hierarchical order.
Taxonomy is the science dealing with the description, identification, naming, and classification oforganisms. Taxonomy provides basic understanding about the components of biodiversity which is necessary for effective decision-making about conservation and sustainableuse.
Taxonomy's first father was the philosopher Aristotle(384-322 BC), sometimes calledthe “father ofscience." He first introduced the two key concepts of : classification of organisms by type andbinomial definition. Aristotle was the first to attempt to classify all the kinds of by grouping the types of creatures according to their similarities: animals with blood andanimals without blood. He further dividedthe animals with blood into live-bearing and egg- bearing. Aristotle's view of life was hierarchical. He assumed that creatures could be grouped inorder from lowest to highest, with the human species being thehighest. SirAristotle davesgarden.com
*A Swedish naturalist named Carolus Linnaeusis considered the 'Father of Taxonomy‘ since1700s • *His two most important contributions totaxonomy were: • A hierarchical classificationsystem • The system of binomialnomenclature • *He proposed that there were three broad groups, called kingdoms,into which the whole of nature couldfit. • These kingdoms wereanimals, plants, andminerals. *Binomial nomenclature meantnaming species in 2 words : genus , followed by species. www.tutorvista.com
The two kingdom classification system was given by CarlousLinaaeus • in1758. • He then divided each kingdom into classes and later groupedthe classes into phyla for animals and divisions forplants. karnatakaeducation.org.in
m The development of optic and electronic microscopy showed important differences in cells, mainly according to the presence or absence of distinct nucleus, leading Édouard Chattontodistinguish organisms in prokaryotes (without a distinct nucleus) and eukaryotes (with a distinct nucleus) in a paper from1925. Based on it, Copeland proposed a four-kingdom system,moving prokaryotic organisms, bacteria and “blue-green algae”, into the kingdomMonera. earthlingnature.wordpress.co
**The position of fungi was not well established, oscillatingbetween kingdoms Protista andPlantae. So, in 1969, Robert Whittaker proposed a fifth kingdom toinclude them, the called KingdomFungi.
*The three-domain system is a biological classificationintroduced by Carl Woese in 1977 that divides cellular lifeforms into archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotedomains. *In particular, it emphasizes the separation of prokaryotes intotwo groups, originally called Eubacteria (nowBacteria) and Archaebacteria (nowArchaea). *Woese argued that, on the basis of differences in 16S rRNAgenes, these two groups and the eukaryotes each arose separately from an ancestor with poorly developed genetic machinery, often called aprogenote.
Based on external or expressedcharacters. • Consider only fewcharacters. • Not based on genetic characters or expression ofgenes. • Phylogenetic / evolutionary related information is notobtained. commons.wikimedia.org
It is a system of classification based on natural similarities ofvegetative & floralcharacters. Example: George Bentham & Joseph Dalton Hookerclassified • classified plantsinto: • Cryptogams (non floweringplants) • Phanerogams (seed bearingplants) www.tutorvista.com
et It is a system of classification based on evolutionary &genetic relationship of organisms in addition to naturalcharacters. Example: Adolf Engler & Karl Prantle Prantle classified bacteria &all plants under 14 divisions. The 14divisions. The 14th divisions divisions is Embryophyta Embryophytasiphanogama that includes gymnosperms &angiosperms. www.slideshare.n
Polyphasic Taxonomy is used to determine the genus and species ofa newly discoveredprocaryote. This polyphasic taxonomy takes into account all available phenotypic and genotypic data and integrates them in a consensus type of classification, framed in a general phylogeny derived from 16SrRNA sequenceanalysis. There are no particular set of rules guiding thistaxonomy. It mainly focuson enormous amounts ofdata, large numbers of strains,and data fusion (dataaggregation)
Numerical taxonomy is a classification system in biological systematics which deals with the grouping by numerical methods of taxonomic units based on their characterstates. It aims to create a taxonomy using numeric algorithms like cluster analysis rather than using subjective evaluation of theirproperties The concept was first developed by Robert R. Sokal & Peter H.A. Sneath in 1963
Numerical taxonomy is a classification system in biological systematics which deals with the grouping by numerical methods of taxonomic units based on their characterstates. It aims to create a taxonomy using numeric algorithms like cluster analysis rather than using subjective evaluation of theirproperties Bacteria Bacteria
Numerical taxonomy is a classification system in biological systematics which deals with the grouping by numerical methods of taxonomic units based on their characterstates. It aims to create a taxonomy using numeric algorithms like cluster analysis rather than using subjective evaluation of theirproperties Bacteria Bacteria Attribute
Numerical taxonomy is a classification system in biological systematics which deals with the grouping by numerical methods of taxonomic units based on their characterstates. It aims to create a taxonomy using numeric algorithms like cluster analysis rather than using subjective evaluation of theirproperties Bacteria Bacteria Attribute Attribute
Numerical taxonomy is a classification system in biological systematics which deals with the grouping by numerical methods of taxonomic units based on their characterstates. It aims to create a taxonomy using numeric algorithms like cluster analysis rather than using subjective evaluation of theirproperties Bacteria Bacteria 100a/(a + b +c) For study of distributionand ecology Attribute Attribute
Numerical taxonomy is a classification system in biological systematics which deals with the grouping by numerical methods of taxonomic units based on their characterstates. It aims to create a taxonomy using numeric algorithms like cluster analysis rather than using subjective evaluation of theirproperties Bacteria Bacteria Attribute
Numerical taxonomy is a classification system in biological systematics which deals with the grouping by numerical methods of taxonomic units based on their characterstates. It aims to create a taxonomy using numeric algorithms like cluster analysis rather than using subjective evaluation of theirproperties Bacteria Bacteria Attribute 100( a + d)]/( a + b + c +d)
*Polyphasic taxonomy, a consensus approach tobacterial systematics. P Vandamme, B Pot, M Gillis, P de Vos, K Kersters, and JSwings *Numerical Taxonomy of Bacteria - Some Published Data Re- examined BY D. W.GOODALL *Microbial evolution and diversity ; PartV *insects.tamu.edu
