Managing the Threat of Asian Longhorned Beetle in Forest Ecosystems

1. Asian Longhorned Beetle Bob Heyd Forest Health Management

2. MDNR Forest Management DivisionForest Health, Inventory & Monitoring • Exotic Forest Pest and Pest Management • Exotic Forest Pests: New and on the horizon • Management Strategies for native and exotic pests • Forest Health Monitoring • Aerial Survey • Ground Detection and Evaluation surveys • Short and Long-Term Monitoring • Inventory

4. >31 Exotic Borers discovered in the contiguous US from 1985 to early 2008 First found in 17 states 3 Buprestids 1 Exotic 2 Exotics 3 Exotics 4 Exotics 6 Exotics 5 Cerambycids 1 Siricid 22 Scolytids 14 ambrosia, 8 bark beetles

6. Photo credit: A. J. Sawyer, USDA-APHIS-PPQ

7. imported wooden crate with tunneling damage

8. plugged hole in crating

9. Asian Longhorned Beetle

10. Origin:Native pest of Asia (China and Korea) Distribution:Populations of ALB have been detected in Japan, Canada, Austria, France, Italy, United Kingdom, Poland, the Netherlands, and Germany Host Range:In the U.S., the known ALB hosts include all species of 12 tree genera: Maple, boxelder, willow, elm, birch, horsechestnut, poplar, ash, London plane tree, mimosa, European mountain ash, hackberry, katsura tree…

11. Potential Economic Impacts Affected industries: Maple syrup Tree nurseries Lumber and veneer Home construction Furniture and cabinets Pulp and paper Firewood Tourism

12. Potential Environmental Impacts • ALB host trees are an important component to forest ecosystems as well as urban environments: • Habitat for animals • Prevent soil erosion • Climate regulation (shade, block wind) • Diminish storm water runoff • Reduce air, water, and noise pollution

13. Michigan Impacts • Hard Maple and Aspen constitute 27% (7.2 billion cubic feet), or 43% (155 million cubic feet) of the commercial harvests statewide. • Michigan's forest-based economy is estimated to be 200,000 jobs and over $12 billion of value-added. • Includes forest-based tourism and recreation (50,000 jobs and $3 billion); and forest products industries/manufacturing (150,000 jobs and $9 billion).

14. Risks to the USA Timber Industry • In 1986, timber was the most important agricultural crop in the U.S. in terms of dollar value of production, surpassing corn, soybean and hay. • The delivered value of the 1986 U.S. timber output was $17.1 billion (in 1996 dollars). • Total shipments of wood manufactured products were valued at $252 billion. • If left unchecked, the USDA estimates the Asian longhorned beetle could cause as much as $138 billion in damage to the U.S. economy. • 30% of USA Urban Forest are susceptible to ALB

15. Learn to ID ALB and Report It! 1 to 1 ½ inches in length Long antennae, banded with black and white Shiny, jet black body with distinctive white spots May have blue tarsi

17. Asian long-horned beetle infested tree

20. oviposition holes

21. new oviposition hole

22. oviposition holes

23. frass being pushed out of tunnels

24. ALB Signs Adult feeding On leaf midrib and petioles Emergence holes

25. feeding damage under bark

26. exit holes

27. exit hole

28. adult feeding damage on twig

29. sap flowing from holes

30. Photo credit: M. Bohne, USDA-FS-FHP

31. Photo credit: M. Bohne, USDA-FS-FHP

34. Photo credit: A. J. Sawyer, USDA-APHIS-PPQ

35. 5-7mm

37. Egg site 1 2 inches Healed exit hole

41. Bovenzi Land Trust Host tree removal impacted 91 acres

42. What’s ALB Doing in Natural Forests?

43. Delaval

44. ALB Exit Holes Delaval

45. Attack class distribution

46. Oviposition Sites by Height Delaval Boylston

47. What Have We Learned? • ALB is not outright killing forest trees • Little impact on tree growth • 10-15 years before decline! • ALB found in forest trees of all sizes • ALB attacked and survived at higher rates in red maple • ALB moves throughout forest stands

48. Old Damage is Different

50. Could go Undetected for a Long Time