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DO NOW. Open your books to Chapter 13 Section 2 page 460 Use this section to help answer the worksheet. World War II Begins. Essential Question: What steps led to War in Europe during the 1930’s?. The beginning. In 1935 Hitler began to defy the Treaty of Versailles
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DO NOW Open your books to Chapter 13 Section 2 page 460 Use this section to help answer the worksheet
World War II Begins Essential Question: What steps led to War in Europe during the 1930’s?
The beginning • In 1935 Hitler began to defy the Treaty of Versailles • He declared that Germany would build up its Army and create an Air Force • Other European countries knew that they had to do something but where scared of another war.
In 1937 Hitler calls for the unification of all German speaking people. • Hitler was focusing on Austria and Czechoslovakia and declared that he would use force if necessary. • Despite the Austrian government trying to stall the Germans, Hitler sent troops and announced the Anschluss or Unification of the two countries
The Munich Conference • Hitler then claimed that Germany had a right to the Sudetenland which was part of Czechoslovakia • France threatened to fight Germany if it tried to gain the Sudetenland by force • So the Munich Conference was called by Britain, France, and Italy along with Germany
The Munich Conference • At the Conference it was decided that to prevent war they would give in to Hitler’s demands • This was a policy of appeasement • Czechoslovakia was told that they should give up the Sudetenland or face Germany alone.
Hitler demands more • Right after the Munich Conference Hitler began to demand land from Poland • This convinced France and Britain that a war was coming and appeasement had failed • On March 31st, 1939 Britain and France declared that if Poland was attacked they would help protect Poland.
The Nonaggression pact • Hitler began to prepare his military for war, while at the same time trying to form a treaty with the Soviet Union. • The Soviet Union agreed to a nonaggression pact with Germany and secretly divide Poland between the two countries • The Soviet Union felt that by having the other capitalist countries fighting they would remain safe.
Poland falls • In September of 1939 Germany invaded Poland • Britain and France then declared war on Germany, starting WWII • The Polish military was not strong and was defeated by the German’s Blitzkrieg or Lighting Warfare
The war expands • Britain sent troops into France and waited for Germany to attack • After WWI France had built the Maginot line along the German border, a line of concrete bunkers • This however would prove to be a disaster for France
The invasion of France • These Maginot lines only protected the German-French border, so Hitler simply went around • To get to France Hitler invaded Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. • France sent troops to defend the Belgium open border, but Hitler was one step ahead. • He sent his tanks through the mountains, catching the French and British off guard
The miracle of Dunkirk • The French and British stuck out of position and were being forced north • They were cornered in the last French port of Dunkirk • It appeared as though Germany would wipe out the remaining British and French troops with his tanks
Miracle at Dunkrik • Despite having the French and British at his will, Hitler for still unknown reasons ordered the troops to stop. • For three days Hitler held up his own troops. • This allowed 338,000 French and British ships to escape on civilian and military ships back to Britain.
The Fall of France • This left France without any protection and they were forced to surrender 3 weeks later. • Germany now control most of France and set up a Puppet Government to rule over the rest of France. • With France gone in a matter of weeks Hitler expected Britain to give up without a fight.
Winston Churchill • Germany underestimated the bravery of the British people and their new leader. • Winston Churchill was the new Prime Minister and he gave a defiant and strong speech to the British people. • This made Hitler convinced he had to attack Britain
The Battle of Britain • Hitler wanted to invade Britain but crossing the English channel proved difficult. • The British Royal Air force could easily sink any German transport ships • Hitler therefore focused on destroying the British Royal Air force in what became known as the Battle of Britain.
The Battle of Britain • The Luftwaffe began to bomb British military post which held the Royal Air Force • The British were able stop some of the attacks with a new invention • Radar stations were placed across Britain and were able to detect incoming attacks
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MkTw3_PmKtc • http://www.presentationmagazine.com/winston-churchill-speech-we-shall-fight-them-on-the-beaches-8003.htm • Battle of Britain video BELOW • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BGXcbrGROKQ&feature=related
The Battle of Britain • In August of 1940 the German Luftwaffe accentually bombed London • This attack on civilians enraged the British and the next night they bombed Berlin • Hitler became furious and ordered non-stop bombing of London
Battle of Britain • Hitler’s goal was to terrorize the British people. • He thought that constant bombings would cause the British people to give up. • With the leadership of Winston Churchill and their own Bravery they outlasted the bombings.
Battle of Britain • Even though the British Air Force was greatly out numbered they fought back • Germany lost 1,733 airplanes during the battle • Britain lost 915
The Holocaust • While Britain and France were busy defending themselves, Hitler waged a new war. • Hitler ordered the removal of Jews • The Hebrew word for Holocaust is “Shoah” meaning Catastrophe
The Holocaust • The Nazi party disliked anyone who did not agree with them but reserved most of their hate for the Jews • The Nazis began to pass laws that defined what a Jew was and banned them from public office • In September 1935, the Nuremberg Laws took citizenship away from Jewish Germans and banned marriages between Jews and other Germans
The Holocaust • Many Jewish people lost their jobs as they were no longer allowed to work as civil servants • They grew poor and had trouble providing for their families. • However most Jewish people choose to stay in Germany thinking that things would get better
The Holocaust • In November of 1938 things would get worse • A Jewish refugee shot and killed a German diplomat in Paris • This infuriated Hitler and he order storm troopers to attack Jews • but make it look as if regular Germans had attacked
Night of Broken Glass • These attacks on Jews became know as Kristallnacht • The Nazis had forbidden the police to get involved while thugs destroyed 7,500 Jewish businesses and synagogues • The Gestapo or Secret police then arrested 30,000wealthy Jewish men
The Holocaust • After the Night of Broken Glass Jewish people all across Germany tried to flee • Between 1933 and 1939 over 350,000 left and went to other European countries • This included doctors and prominent scientists including Albert Einstein
The Holocaust • Many Jews came to America where they felt they were safe from Hitler • However the Nazis in 1938 made it illegal to leave the country with more than four dollars • The United States did not allow immigrants into the country that were considered to be a “Public Charge.”
The SS St.Louis • In 1939 a ship called the SS St. Louis filled with 930 Jewish refugees headed towards North America • However once they got there they had a problem. First Cuba turned them away and they The United States • They were forced to go back to Europe with most settling in France
The Final Solution • In 1942 the Nazi leaders met to talk about the “final solution of the Jewish Question” • For years the Nazis had been moving Jewish people into ‘Ghettos” • These ghettos were guarded areas of a city were all undesirables had to live
The Final Solution • What the Nazis decided to do was move the Jewish people from the ghettos and into concentration camps • In these camps healthy people would be worked in slave labor until they dropped dead • All others including children, the sick, and elderly were sent to extermination camps
Concentration camps • One of these camps was called Auschwitz • In Auschwitz over 1,600,000 Jewish people were killed. • Families were separated and sent to different camps, but if they were sent to Auschwitz it was a death sentence
The Holocaust • The Holocaust was able to happen without other countries finding out. • It is still unknown how or why this horrifying event to take place • Historians have argued that it was the Germans anger about WWI that made so many people either agree with or ignore the Holocaust http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=slZMOkYJFO0&feature=related
DO NOW Enter Do Now
The Holocaust • The Holocaust is considered one of the worst human-made disasters of all time. • Hitler was able to kill over 6 million people within his German Empire. • Most of this mass murder happened without the world finding out.
The Holocaust • The effects of the holocaust would change the culture in Germany and Europe forever. • Even some of the German soldiers did not know the extent of the concentration camps • Anyone in a concentration camp that was left alive at the end of the war, still had to deal with years of depression and angry over what had occurred.
America the game changer • Roosevelt wanted to help Britain in its fight against Hitler. • However Roosevelt had to find a way to get around the Neutrality Act • The act stated that the United States could not sell guns, ammunition, ships, or boats to a country that is at war.
Ways around the Neutrality Act • The Neutrality Act was extremely popular with the American people when it was passed in 1937. • They did not want to repeat the actions that caused them to get involved with WWI • Roosevelt supported the act because he knew that it was what the American people wanted.
Roosevelt finds a way • In 1940 Prime Minister Winston Churchill asked Roosevelt for America’s old war ships that were not in use anymore • The British had lost over half of their battleships and were desperate for help • Roosevelt was determined to help but needed to figured out a way around the neutrality act.
Roosevelt sends ships • Roosevelt saw that there was a loop hole in the Neutrality act. • It stated that America could not sell weapons for cash, but said nothing about other types of deals. • Roosevelt and Churchill agreed on a deal to send old U.S. warships to Britain in exchange for the ability to build military bases on British territory around the world.
The Isolationist debate • Many Americans were in favor of sending Britain warships • This was the change in view for most Americans. • In just three years Americans went from supporting neutrality to favoring help to Britain.
Isolationism • Even though many people now supported helping out, half of all Americans did not yet agree to go to war. • There were two extremes in the country, one group was the Fight for Freedom Committee which favored U.S. involvement. • The other group was the America First Committee, which was around since WWI.
Election of 1940 • This isolation debate carried over to the presidential election of 1940. • Many people were sure that Roosevelt would follow George Washington and not run for a third term • However many Americans thought a change in leadership would hurt the country
Election of 1940 • FDR felt that he still could help America and ran for a unprecedented third term in office. • No other President had ever before ran for a third term. • Republicans were upset over this, knowing that it would be very difficult to beat FDR
Election of 1940 • Roosevelt tried to stay in the middle of the isolationist debate. • He said that we could support Britain without being dragged into a war. • Privately FDR did want to use military force to stop Hitler but he knew it was not the popular decision.
Election of 1940 • Roosevelt was challenged by Republican Wendell Willkie. • Willkie was a weak presidential candidate, as he was a businessman. • He said that FDR had forgotten about the Great Depression and was more focused on Europe.
Election of 1940 • Roosevelt was still extremely popular with the American people. • Americans felt that the Great Depression was lifting and that Roosevelt was a strong leader. • He won the election 449 electoral votes to 82.