DO NOW

1. DO NOW Open your books to Chapter 13 Section 2 page 460 Use this section to help answer the worksheet

2. World War II Begins Essential Question: What steps led to War in Europe during the 1930’s?

3. The beginning • In 1935 Hitler began to defy the Treaty of Versailles • He declared that Germany would build up its Army and create an Air Force • Other European countries knew that they had to do something but where scared of another war.

4. In 1937 Hitler calls for the unification of all German speaking people. • Hitler was focusing on Austria and Czechoslovakia and declared that he would use force if necessary. • Despite the Austrian government trying to stall the Germans, Hitler sent troops and announced the Anschluss or Unification of the two countries

5. The Munich Conference • Hitler then claimed that Germany had a right to the Sudetenland which was part of Czechoslovakia • France threatened to fight Germany if it tried to gain the Sudetenland by force • So the Munich Conference was called by Britain, France, and Italy along with Germany

6. The Munich Conference • At the Conference it was decided that to prevent war they would give in to Hitler’s demands • This was a policy of appeasement • Czechoslovakia was told that they should give up the Sudetenland or face Germany alone.

7. Hitler demands more • Right after the Munich Conference Hitler began to demand land from Poland • This convinced France and Britain that a war was coming and appeasement had failed • On March 31st, 1939 Britain and France declared that if Poland was attacked they would help protect Poland.

8. The Nonaggression pact • Hitler began to prepare his military for war, while at the same time trying to form a treaty with the Soviet Union. • The Soviet Union agreed to a nonaggression pact with Germany and secretly divide Poland between the two countries • The Soviet Union felt that by having the other capitalist countries fighting they would remain safe.

9. Poland falls • In September of 1939 Germany invaded Poland • Britain and France then declared war on Germany, starting WWII • The Polish military was not strong and was defeated by the German’s Blitzkrieg or Lighting Warfare

10. The war expands • Britain sent troops into France and waited for Germany to attack • After WWI France had built the Maginot line along the German border, a line of concrete bunkers • This however would prove to be a disaster for France

11. The invasion of France • These Maginot lines only protected the German-French border, so Hitler simply went around • To get to France Hitler invaded Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. • France sent troops to defend the Belgium open border, but Hitler was one step ahead. • He sent his tanks through the mountains, catching the French and British off guard

13. The miracle of Dunkirk • The French and British stuck out of position and were being forced north • They were cornered in the last French port of Dunkirk • It appeared as though Germany would wipe out the remaining British and French troops with his tanks

14. Miracle at Dunkrik • Despite having the French and British at his will, Hitler for still unknown reasons ordered the troops to stop. • For three days Hitler held up his own troops. • This allowed 338,000 French and British ships to escape on civilian and military ships back to Britain.

15. The Fall of France • This left France without any protection and they were forced to surrender 3 weeks later. • Germany now control most of France and set up a Puppet Government to rule over the rest of France. • With France gone in a matter of weeks Hitler expected Britain to give up without a fight.

16. Winston Churchill • Germany underestimated the bravery of the British people and their new leader. • Winston Churchill was the new Prime Minister and he gave a defiant and strong speech to the British people. • This made Hitler convinced he had to attack Britain

17. The Battle of Britain • Hitler wanted to invade Britain but crossing the English channel proved difficult. • The British Royal Air force could easily sink any German transport ships • Hitler therefore focused on destroying the British Royal Air force in what became known as the Battle of Britain.

18. The Battle of Britain • The Luftwaffe began to bomb British military post which held the Royal Air Force • The British were able stop some of the attacks with a new invention • Radar stations were placed across Britain and were able to detect incoming attacks

19. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MkTw3_PmKtc • http://www.presentationmagazine.com/winston-churchill-speech-we-shall-fight-them-on-the-beaches-8003.htm • Battle of Britain video BELOW • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BGXcbrGROKQ&feature=related

20. The Battle of Britain • In August of 1940 the German Luftwaffe accentually bombed London • This attack on civilians enraged the British and the next night they bombed Berlin • Hitler became furious and ordered non-stop bombing of London

21. Battle of Britain • Hitler’s goal was to terrorize the British people. • He thought that constant bombings would cause the British people to give up. • With the leadership of Winston Churchill and their own Bravery they outlasted the bombings.

22. Battle of Britain • Even though the British Air Force was greatly out numbered they fought back • Germany lost 1,733 airplanes during the battle • Britain lost 915

23. The Holocaust • While Britain and France were busy defending themselves, Hitler waged a new war. • Hitler ordered the removal of Jews • The Hebrew word for Holocaust is “Shoah” meaning Catastrophe

24. The Holocaust • The Nazi party disliked anyone who did not agree with them but reserved most of their hate for the Jews • The Nazis began to pass laws that defined what a Jew was and banned them from public office • In September 1935, the Nuremberg Laws took citizenship away from Jewish Germans and banned marriages between Jews and other Germans

25. The Holocaust • Many Jewish people lost their jobs as they were no longer allowed to work as civil servants • They grew poor and had trouble providing for their families. • However most Jewish people choose to stay in Germany thinking that things would get better

26. The Holocaust • In November of 1938 things would get worse • A Jewish refugee shot and killed a German diplomat in Paris • This infuriated Hitler and he order storm troopers to attack Jews • but make it look as if regular Germans had attacked

27. Night of Broken Glass • These attacks on Jews became know as Kristallnacht • The Nazis had forbidden the police to get involved while thugs destroyed 7,500 Jewish businesses and synagogues • The Gestapo or Secret police then arrested 30,000wealthy Jewish men

28. The Holocaust • After the Night of Broken Glass Jewish people all across Germany tried to flee • Between 1933 and 1939 over 350,000 left and went to other European countries • This included doctors and prominent scientists including Albert Einstein

29. The Holocaust • Many Jews came to America where they felt they were safe from Hitler • However the Nazis in 1938 made it illegal to leave the country with more than four dollars • The United States did not allow immigrants into the country that were considered to be a “Public Charge.”

30. The SS St.Louis • In 1939 a ship called the SS St. Louis filled with 930 Jewish refugees headed towards North America • However once they got there they had a problem. First Cuba turned them away and they The United States • They were forced to go back to Europe with most settling in France

31. The Final Solution • In 1942 the Nazi leaders met to talk about the “final solution of the Jewish Question” • For years the Nazis had been moving Jewish people into ‘Ghettos” • These ghettos were guarded areas of a city were all undesirables had to live

32. The Final Solution • What the Nazis decided to do was move the Jewish people from the ghettos and into concentration camps • In these camps healthy people would be worked in slave labor until they dropped dead • All others including children, the sick, and elderly were sent to extermination camps

33. Concentration camps • One of these camps was called Auschwitz • In Auschwitz over 1,600,000 Jewish people were killed. • Families were separated and sent to different camps, but if they were sent to Auschwitz it was a death sentence

34. The Holocaust • The Holocaust was able to happen without other countries finding out. • It is still unknown how or why this horrifying event to take place • Historians have argued that it was the Germans anger about WWI that made so many people either agree with or ignore the Holocaust http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=slZMOkYJFO0&feature=related

35. DO NOW Enter Do Now

36. The Holocaust • The Holocaust is considered one of the worst human-made disasters of all time. • Hitler was able to kill over 6 million people within his German Empire. • Most of this mass murder happened without the world finding out.

37. The Holocaust • The effects of the holocaust would change the culture in Germany and Europe forever. • Even some of the German soldiers did not know the extent of the concentration camps • Anyone in a concentration camp that was left alive at the end of the war, still had to deal with years of depression and angry over what had occurred.

38. America the game changer • Roosevelt wanted to help Britain in its fight against Hitler. • However Roosevelt had to find a way to get around the Neutrality Act • The act stated that the United States could not sell guns, ammunition, ships, or boats to a country that is at war.

39. Ways around the Neutrality Act • The Neutrality Act was extremely popular with the American people when it was passed in 1937. • They did not want to repeat the actions that caused them to get involved with WWI • Roosevelt supported the act because he knew that it was what the American people wanted.

40. Roosevelt finds a way • In 1940 Prime Minister Winston Churchill asked Roosevelt for America’s old war ships that were not in use anymore • The British had lost over half of their battleships and were desperate for help • Roosevelt was determined to help but needed to figured out a way around the neutrality act.

41. Roosevelt sends ships • Roosevelt saw that there was a loop hole in the Neutrality act. • It stated that America could not sell weapons for cash, but said nothing about other types of deals. • Roosevelt and Churchill agreed on a deal to send old U.S. warships to Britain in exchange for the ability to build military bases on British territory around the world.

42. The Isolationist debate • Many Americans were in favor of sending Britain warships • This was the change in view for most Americans. • In just three years Americans went from supporting neutrality to favoring help to Britain.

43. Isolationism • Even though many people now supported helping out, half of all Americans did not yet agree to go to war. • There were two extremes in the country, one group was the Fight for Freedom Committee which favored U.S. involvement. • The other group was the America First Committee, which was around since WWI.

44. Election of 1940 • This isolation debate carried over to the presidential election of 1940. • Many people were sure that Roosevelt would follow George Washington and not run for a third term • However many Americans thought a change in leadership would hurt the country

45. Election of 1940 • FDR felt that he still could help America and ran for a unprecedented third term in office. • No other President had ever before ran for a third term. • Republicans were upset over this, knowing that it would be very difficult to beat FDR

46. Election of 1940 • Roosevelt tried to stay in the middle of the isolationist debate. • He said that we could support Britain without being dragged into a war. • Privately FDR did want to use military force to stop Hitler but he knew it was not the popular decision.

47. Election of 1940 • Roosevelt was challenged by Republican Wendell Willkie. • Willkie was a weak presidential candidate, as he was a businessman. • He said that FDR had forgotten about the Great Depression and was more focused on Europe.

48. Election of 1940 • Roosevelt was still extremely popular with the American people. • Americans felt that the Great Depression was lifting and that Roosevelt was a strong leader. • He won the election 449 electoral votes to 82.

49. FIN