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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. ANATOMY OF THE EAR. EXTERNAL EAR. Auricle. External Canal. THE AURICLE. Absence of antihelix (protruding ear). Normal. Perichondritis. Erysipelas. Blood Supply. Richly supplied by branches from the external carotid. Cauliflower ear. Hematoma Auris.

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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

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  1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

  2. ANATOMY OF THE EAR

  3. EXTERNAL EAR Auricle External Canal

  4. THE AURICLE

  5. Absence of antihelix (protruding ear) Normal

  6. Perichondritis Erysipelas

  7. Blood Supply • Richly supplied by branches from the external carotid

  8. Cauliflower ear Hematoma Auris

  9. The External Auditory Canal

  10. The External Auditory Canal Lateral Third: Medial Two Thirds: • Cartilagenous • Present at birth • Hair follicles • Sebacous glands • Ceruminous glands • Bony • Develops after birth

  11. Skin of outer third of the external canal Furunclosis Wax

  12. ANATOMY OF THE EAR • External Ear • Middle Ear Cleft • Inner Ear

  13. MIDDLE EAR CLEFT • Eustachian Tube • Tympanum (Middle Ear Cavity) • Mastoid Antrum and Air Cells

  14. MIDDLE EAR CLEFT • The Eustachian Tube

  15. MIDDLE EAR CLEFT • Eustachian tube • Tympanic cavity (Middle ear cavity)

  16. WALLS OF TYMPANIC CAVITY • Roof • Floor • Anterior wall • Posterior wall • Lateral wall • Medial wall

  17. WALLS OF TYMPANIC CAVITY Tegmen • Roof • Floor

  18. WALLS OF TYMPANIC CAVITY • Roof • Floor • Anterior wall • Posterior wall

  19. WALLS OF TYMPANIC CAVITY Roof Floor Anterior wall Posterior wall Lateral wall

  20. Membrana flaccida Membrana Tensa Epitympanum(attic) Mesotympanum Hypotympanum

  21. WALLS OF TYMPANIC CAVITY • Roof • Floor • Anterior wall • Posterior wall • Lateral wall • Medial wall

  22. MIDDLE EAR CLEFT • Eustachian (Pharyngo-tympanic) Tube • Tympanic (Middle Ear) Cavity • Mastoid antrum and air cells

  23. Mastoid Antrum & Air cells

  24. Mastoid Antrum & Air cells

  25. CONTENTS OF MIDDLE EAR CAVITY • Air • Ossicles • Malleus, Incus, & Stapes • Muscles • Tensor Tympani & Stapedius • Nerves • Tympanic Plexus & Chorda Tympani

  26. LINING OF MIDDLE EAR Mucous membrane : ciliated columnar anteriorly and cuboidal or flat elsewhere

  27. SENSARY SUPPLY OF MIDDLE AND EXTERNAL EAR • Cervical II & III ( great auricular and lessor occipital) • V cranial nerve ( auriculotemporal) • IX cranial nerve (tympanic or Jacobson’s) • X cranial nerve ( auricular or Arnold’s) • VII cranial nerve

  28. Referred Earache • Pain in the ear due to a disease in an area supplied by a nerve that also supply the ear.

  29. Referred Earache • Cervical II & III • Cervical spondylosis, neck injury etc. • V cranial nerve • Dental infections, sinonasal diseases etc. • IX cranial nerve • Tonsillitis, post-tonsillectomy, carcinoma etc. • X cranial nerve • Tumors of hpopharynx, larynx & esophagus

  30. ANATOMY OF INNER EAR • Osseous Labyrinth • Perilymph • Membranous labyrinth

  31. The Bony Labyrinth • Bony Cochlea • Vestibule • Bony semicircular canals

  32. CONTENTS OF THE BONY LABYRINTH • Perilymph • Membranous labyrinth • Cochlear duct • Saccule and utricle • Membranous semicircular ducts

  33. CONTENTS OF MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH • Endolymph • Sensory epithelium • Cochlea: organ of Corti • Utricle & saccule: maculae • Semicircular canals:cristae

  34. INNER EAR SENSORY EPITHELIUM • Cochlea: organ of Corti • Utricle & saccule: maculae • Semicircular canals:cristae

  35. THE VESTIBULO-COCHLEAR NERVE

  36. CENTRAL CONNECTIONS OF COCHLEAR NERVE

  37. CENTRAL CONNECTIONS OF VESTIBULAR NERVE

  38. PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EAR

  39. FUNCIONS OF THE EXTERNAL EAR • Auditory functions: • Sound conduction • Increase sound pressure by the resonance function • Protection of the middle ear • Curvature • Cerumen

  40. FUNCTIONS OF THE EUSTACHIAN TUBE Protection Ventilation Drainage

  41. FUNCIONS OF THE MIDDLE EAR • Conduction of sound • Transformer mechanism • Hydraulic action • Ossicular leverage

  42. FUNCIONS OF THE MIDDLE EAR • Conduction of sound • Transformer mechanism • Hydraulic action • Ossicular leverage • Protection to the inner ear • stapedial reflex

  43. FUNCIONS OF THE INNER EAR • Hearing Function: • Transduction of sound to action potentials

  44. FUNCIONS OF THE INNER EAR • Hearing Function: • Transduction of sound to action potentials • Vestibular Function: • Participate in maintaining body balance

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