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3G Tutorial

3G Tutorial. Brough Turner & Marc Orange. Originally presented at Fall VON 2002. Preface. The authors would like to acknowledgement material contributions from: Murtaza Amiji, NMS Communications Samuel S. May, Senior Research Analyst, US Bancorp Piper Jaffray

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3G Tutorial

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  1. 3G Tutorial Brough Turner & Marc Orange Originally presented at Fall VON 2002

  2. Preface... • The authors would like to acknowledgement material contributions from: • Murtaza Amiji, NMS Communications • Samuel S. May, Senior Research Analyst, US Bancorp Piper Jaffray • Others as noted on specific slides • We intend ongoing improvements to this tutorial and solicit your comments at: • rbt@nmss.com • and/or marc_orange@nmss.com • For the latest version go to: • http://www.nmscommunications.com/3Gtutorial

  3. FDMA — Frequency Division Multiple Access 30 KHz 30 KHz 30 KHz 30 KHz 30 KHz 30 KHz 30 KHz 30 KHz Frequency 1G — Separate Frequencies

  4. One timeslot = 0.577 ms One TDMA frame = 8 timeslots 200 KHz 200 KHz 200 KHz 200 KHz Time Frequency 2G — TDMATime Division Multiple Access

  5. 2G & 3G — CDMACode Division Multiple Access • Spread spectrum modulation • Originally developed for the military • Resists jamming and many kinds of interference • Coded modulation hidden from those w/o the code • All users share same (large) block of spectrum • One for one frequency reuse • Soft handoffs possible • Almost all accepted 3G radio standards are based on CDMA • CDMA2000, W-CDMA and TD-SCDMA

  6. Multi-Access Radio Techniques Courtesy of Petri Possi, UMTS World

  7. Courtesy of Suresh Goyal & Rich Howard

  8. Courtesy of Suresh Goyal & Rich Howard

  9. Courtesy of Suresh Goyal & Rich Howard

  10. Courtesy of Suresh Goyal & Rich Howard

  11. 3GPP2 Defines IS-41 Evolution • 3rd Generation Partnership Project “Two” • Separate organization, as 3GPP closely tied to GSM and UMTS • Goal of ultimate merger (3GPP + 3GPP2) remains • Evolution of IS-41 to “all IP” more direct but not any faster • Skips ATM stage • 1xRTT — IP packet support (like GPRS) • 1xEVDV — adds softswitch/ voice gateways • 3x — triples radio data rates

  12. BTS — Base Transceiver Station BSC — Base Station Controller MS — Mobile Station MSC — Mobile Switching Center HLR — Home Location Registry SMS-SC — Short Message Service — Serving Center STM — Synchronous Transfer Mode IS-95 BTS A Ref (A1, A2, A5) STM over T1/T3 MS BSC Proprietary Interface STM over T1/T3 or AAL1 over SONET Ater Ref (A3, A7) BTS IS-95 A Ref (A1, A2, A5) STM over T1/T3 BTS MS BSC Proprietary Interface A1 — Signaling interface for call control and mobility Management between MSC and BSC A5 — Full duplex bearer interface byte stream (SMS ?) A7 — Bearer interface for inter-BSC mobile handoff A2 — 64 kbps bearer interface for PCM voice A3 — Signaling interface for inter-BSC mobile handoff 2G cdmaOne (IS-95 + IS-41)

  13. BTS — Base Transceiver Station BSC — Base Station Controller MS — Mobile Station MSC — Mobile Switching Center HLR — Home Location Registry SMS-SC — Short Message Service — Serving Center STM — Synchronous Transfer Mode IS-2000 STM over T1/T3 or AAL1 over SONET BTS A Ref (A1, A2, A5) STM over T1/T3 MS BSC Proprietary Interface AQuarter Ref (A10, A11) IP over Ethernet/AAL5 BTS RADIUS over UDP/IP PDSN — Packet Data Serving Node AAA — Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting A10 — Bearer interface between BSC (PCF) and PDSN for packet data Home Agent — Mobile IP Home Agent A11 — Signaling interface between BSC (PCF) and PDSN for packet data CDMA2000 1x Network

  14. Packet Data Serving Node (PDSN) • Establish, maintain, and terminate PPP sessions with mobile station • Support simple and mobile IP services • Act as mobile IP Foreign Agent for visiting mobile station • Handle authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) for mobile station • Uses RADIUS protocol • Route packets between mobile stations and external packet data networks • Collect usage data and forward to AAA server

  15. IS-2000 IS-2000 RADIUS over UDP/IP 1xEVDO — IP Data Only

  16. SIP SCTP/IP SS7 IS-2000 H.248 (Maybe MGCP) SIP Circuit switched voice SIP Proxy — Session Initiation Protocol Proxy Server MGCF — Media Gateway Control Function SGW — Signaling Gateway (SS7) MGW — Media Gateway (Voice) IS-2000 Nextgen MSC ? 1XEVDV — IP Data and Voice Packet switched voice

  17. 3G Tutorial • History and Evolution of Mobile Radio • Evolving Network Architectures • Evolving Services • Applications • Business Models

  18. Up and Coming Mobile Services • SMS, EMS, MMS • Location-based services • 3G-324M Video • VoIP w/o QoS; Push-to-Talk • IP Multimedia Services (w/ QoS) • Converged “All IP” networks — the Vision

  19. PC B C Short Message Service (SMS) • Point-to-point, short, text message service • Messages over signaling channel (MAP or IS-41) • SMSC stores-and-forwards SMSs; delivery reports • SME is any data terminal or Mobile Station SMS-GMSC E PSDN A SC BTS BSC SMS-IWMSC MSSME MSC VLR SMS — GMSC Gateway MSC SMS — IWMSC InterWorking MSC SC — Service Center SME — Short Messaging Entity SMEs HLR

  20. SMS Principles • Basic services • SM MT (Mobile Terminated) • SM MO (Mobile Originated) • (3GPP2) SM MO can be cancelled • (3GPP2) User can acknowledge • SM Service Center (3GPP) akaMessage Center (3GPP2) • Relays and store-and-forwards SMSs • Payload of up to 140 bytes, but • Can be compressed (MS-to-MS) • And/or segmented in several SMs

  21. Delivery (MT) Report Submission (MO) MS SC Report SMS Transport • Delivery / Submission report • Optional in 3GPP2 • Messages-Waiting • SC informs HLR/VLR that a message could not be delivered to MS • Alert-SC • HLR informs SC that the MS is again ready to receive • All messages over signaling channels • Usually SS7; SMSC may have IP option

  22. Location • Driven by e911 requirements in US • FCC mandated; not yet functioning as desired • Most operators are operating under “waivers” • Potential revenue from location-based services • Several technical approaches • In network technologies (measurements at cell sites) • Handset technologies • Network-assisted handset approaches • Plus additional core network infrastructure • Location computation and mobile location servers • Significant privacy issues

  23. Location Technology • Cell identity: crude but available today • Based on timing • TA: Timing Advance (distance from GSM BTS) • Based on timing and triangulation • TOA: Time of Arrival • TDOA: Time Difference of Arrival • EOTD: Enhanced Observed Time Difference • AOA: Angle of Arrival • Based on satellite navigation systems • GPS: Global Positioning System • A-GPS: Assisted GPS

  24. Location-Based Services • Emergency services • E911 - Enhanced 911 • Value-added personal services • friend finder, directions • Commercial services • coupons or offers from nearby stores • Network internal • Traffic & coverage measurements • Lawful intercept extensions • law enforcement locates suspect

  25. Location Information • Location (in 3D), speed and direction • with timestamp • Accuracy of measurement • Response time • a QoS measure • Security & Privacy • authorized clients • secure info exchange • privacy control by user and/or operator

  26. PublicService Answering Point Accesstandem ESRK& voice ESRK& voice PDE PDE BSC MSC ESRK Callback #,Long., Lat. ESRK ALI DB Callback #,Long., Lat. PDE PDE MPC SN SN SN US E911 Phase II Architecture PDE — Position Determining Entity MPC — Mobile Positioning Center ESRK — Emergency Service Routing Key ALI DB — Automatic Location Identification Data Base

  27. 3G QoS • Substantial new requirements on the radio access network • Traffic classes • Conversational, streaming, interactive, background • Ability to specify • Traffic handling priority • Allocation/retention priority • Error rates (bits and/ or SDUs) • Transfer delay • Data rates (maximum and guaranteed) • Deliver in order (Y/N)

  28. Additional Reference Material

  29. Mobile Standard Organizations

  30. Partnership Project and Forums • ITU IMT-2000 http://www.itu.int/imt2000 • Mobile Partnership Projects • 3GPP: http://www.3gpp.org • 3GPP2: http://www.3gpp2.org • Mobile Technical Forums • 3G All IP Forum: http://www.3gip.org • IPv6 Forum: http://www.ipv6forum.com • Mobile Marketing Forums • Mobile Wireless Internet Forum: http://www.mwif.org • UMTS Forum: http://www.umts-forum.org • GSM Forum: http://www.gsmworld.org • Universal Wireless Communication: http://www.uwcc.org • Global Mobile Supplier: http://www.gsacom.com

  31. Mobile Standards Organizations • European Technical Standard Institute (Europe): • http://www.etsi.org • Telecommunication Industry Association (USA): • http://www.tiaonline.org • Standard Committee T1 (USA): • http://www.t1.org • China Wireless Telecommunication Standard (China): • http://www.cwts.org • The Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (Japan): • http://www.arib.or.jp/arib/english/ • The Telecommunication Technology Committee (Japan): • http://www.ttc.or.jp/e/index.html • The Telecommunication Technology Association (Korea): • http://www.tta.or.kr/english/e_index.htm

  32. Location-Related Organizations • LIF, Location Interoperability Forum • http://www.locationforum.org/ • Responsible for Mobile Location Protocol (MLP) • Now part of Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) • OMA, Open Mobile Alliance • http://www.openmobilealliance.org/ • Consolidates Open Mobile Architecture, WAP Forum, LIF, SyncML, MMS Interoperability Group, Wireless Village • Open GIS Consortium • http://www.opengis.org/ • Focus on standards for spatial and location information • WLIA, Wireless Location Industry Association • http://www.wliaonline.com

  33. NMS COMMUNICATIONS brough_turner@nmss.commarc_orange@nmss.com www.nmss.com

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