GERBERA

1. GERBERA = herbras – Gerbera jamesonii - As Ornamental Plant and cut flower Perennial plant , Origin from South Africa famili Compositae STI 06

2. Produce divisions and flowering continously everytime from old clump secara bergantian • High can reach until 50 cm, root spread (serabut) • Single Leaf, roset shape, bercelah tidak rata ditumbuhi bulu, flowering at tip of the stem, long stalk. • berbentuk cakram STI 06

3. Petal of Flower have similarity with kumpulan pita tersusun rapi membulat • Each of stalk,various, red, pink, yellow, krem dan orange STI 06

4. There are 3 structure petal of Gerbera flower: • Single: petal of flower – only 1 layer, usually single ( white, red and yellow ) • Double : petal of flower consist of 2 layer  various flower, more than 1 colour . • Triple : petal of flower consist of 3 layer  the colour more than 2 colour. STI 06

5. Growth Requirement • Vegetatif – Generatif growth optimal in the altitude of 600 – 1400 m dpl • Full intensity of light, temperature 21 – 27 0 C, minimum 160C • Fertile soil, rich organic material, have good aeration and porous. • pH 5.5 – 6, soil  must have good Water Holding Capacity • Add gambut atau pukan yang telah terdekomposisi STI 06

6. Cultivation of Plant • Seed and Propagation of Plant • Field Cultivation • Plantting • Re-planting • Watering • Weeding dan penggemburan • Defoliation • Fertilizing • Handling of Pest and Disease • Harvest and Post Harvest STI 06

7. Seed and Propagation of Plant • Seedling should be have same size  agar tumbuh serempak • Free from pest and disease , • Provided with prosperous enough • Seedling from tissue culture  Commercial for breeder  from Holland Florist de Kwakel BV, Presman Gerbera BV, Piet Schreurs de Kwakel BV • Generatif propagation  for pot plant or vegetatif with splitting / divisions or cut rimpang divisions from mother plant that healthy and the age up to 1,5 years • The young divisions  not produce generatif shoot yet. STI 06

8. Washing and clean up with leave it 2 -3 leaf • Pulse and place for few minute in Benlate 0.5 g/l or Previcur 1 cc/l for 15 minute • For stimulate the root  used Rootone F ( Plant Growth Regulator + fungicide ) STI 06

9. Planting to the row, with mix media Soil : pukan = 2 : 1 with plant spacing 5 x 5 cm (for smaller varieties) and 7x7 cm ( for bigger varieties ) • Drench 1 – 2 / day  see the weather condition • Ready to planting  age’s 3 – 4 weeks when have 12 new leaves and root 3 – 5 cm STI 06

10. Cultivation the field • Cultivate 2 – 3 weeks before planting • cangkul dengan deepth 40 cm until soil structure fertile enough • Make row width 1 m heigth 25 cm, and the distance between row 50 cm • Add pukan/organic material decomposizied 2 – 3 m3/100m2 – mix until complete • 1 weeks before planting + Urea 40 g, TSP 60g and KCl 75g per m2 • Soil sterilization with basamid or steaming STI 06

11. Planting • Palnting with 40 cm between outside of the row and 30 inside row • Plant hole : 1 cangkulan • Planting all of root  leher akar tertimbun tanah, jangan ada akar yang terlipat atau diluruskan ke bawah tetapi dihamparkan horisontal didasar lubang  early morning or afternoon  drench / watering it. STI 06

12. Replanting • Replanting not more than 30 days in the morning or afternoon. • Watering • Normal condition : require 6 liter/hr/m2 • Before the initiation of flowering  can applied overhead sprinkler, after that  can use drip irigation STI 06

13. Weeding dan penggemburan • Weeding to reduce the competition between plant and weed. • Penggemburan to increase the soil porosity  to make better aerase & drainase. • Weeding and penggemburan biasanya  do it all together dengan pembubunan to make main stalk  in surface of soil. STI 06

14. Defoliation • Put off dried leaf and dried flower, wilted or infected pest and disease • Do it together with penjarangan rumpun. Crowded clump  invite the pest and disease  flower has decreasing quality  smaller stem and size of flower smaller too. STI 06

15. Fertilizing • Organic gertilizer –pukan ayam before basic fertilizer  re-applied every each years : 1 – 2 kg/m2 • Plant that age : 1 – 2 month after planting  200g Urea, 100 g KNO3 dissolved with 100 l air with application 3 liter/m2 – watering the row once a week. • After the age 2 month more  10 – 5 g NPK 15:15:15 per plant and 7 gram MgSO4 / m2 sowing surrounded the plant  application 1 years  once time • Foliage fertilizer and Plant Growth Regulator (ZPT) 10 lliter foliage fertilizer/m2 • Green Vitabloom (30-10-10) and yellow 5-50-17 with consentration 3 g / liter every weeks, need rotation • Atonik 1cc/10 l water  applied together with vitabloom, to stimulate root and leave growth . STI 06

16. Handling Pest and Disease • Tungau, kumbang, ulat, kutu daun,, thrips, belalang, siput • Penyakit Bercak daun Coreospora, kapang kelabu, tepung STI 06

17. STI 06

18. Harvest and Post Harvest • 1st flower and 2nd flower (3 – 5 month after planting )  put off because < standar, more than 6 month  better quality • ¾ rise and open up – ready to harvest and have 1 – 2 lingkar cincin benang sari • Harvest with hand, the method : Panen dengan tangan dengan cara memutar dan pull off – pulse into the water and placed in the shade place. • Per clump  produce 5 – 15 kuntum/ years or 35 – 105 kuntum per m2 STI 06

19. Harvest : • Sortiage < 40 cm pull off • > 40 cm good flower, free from pest and disease, fresh and each of flower wraped by paper berbentuk kerucut, ikat per 10 tangkai – wraped paper. • For delivery outside city and export  packing in special kardus • ditata mendatar dan rtangkai sejajar, tangkai diberi tabung plastik yang berisi air STI 06

20. STI 06