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Liberalism

Liberalism. Packet: pages102-108. A Place for Liberalism in IR. Alternative to realism UN -> Cold War Power Politics -> New World Order ? Hoffman: “international affairs has been the nemisis of liberalism.” Why?. 4-dimensional definition of Liberalism: individualism vs. community.

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Liberalism

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  1. Liberalism Packet: pages102-108

  2. A Place for Liberalism in IR • Alternative to realism • UN -> Cold War Power Politics -> New World Order? • Hoffman: “international affairs has been the nemisis of liberalism.” Why?

  3. 4-dimensional definition of Liberalism: individualism vs. community • All people are equal and have the same rights • Legislative assemblies are “by, for, and of” the people… and thus must not impinge on people’s rights • Ownership of property is a fundamentally important liberty/right of the people • The most effective method of economic exchange is based on market forces

  4. Liberalism as an IR Theory • States are likened to people: • States have different characteristics. “Identity determines outward orientation.” • All states have natural rights. • Other: non-intervention domestically; extension of ideas internationally – rule of law, purpose of centralized institutions

  5. Liberals – cause of war • War: not due to anarchy • War is caused by other factors: imperialism, failure of balance of power, undemocratic regimes

  6. The Contradiction within Liberalism • Commitment to freedom in economic and social spheres leads to reduction of power in governing institutions. • Commitment to a democratic political culture needed to protect basic freedoms requires strong gov’t and interventionist institutions

  7. Kant – Perpetual Peace • Definitive articles on pg. 104 • States (like people) can use logic/reason to produce freedom and justice in IR • Federal contract between states to abolish war

  8. Democratic Peace Theory • States that are liberal democracies are less likely to war with each other • Doyle: 2 elements to the Kantian ideal… • Why is war unlikely b/tw liberal states? • Alternative explanations?

  9. Other Liberal Voices re: War • Bentham: int’l law can prevent war; establish a common tribunal • Cobden: free trade creates a more peaceful world via mutual gains • But this overlooks asymmetric gains by hegemons • History contradicts the above premises

  10. WWI Lesson: “Constructing Peace” • Peace is not a natural condition, but must be built • Wilson: 14 Points & League of Nations • A disaster • System of Collective Security

  11. The League and Self-determination • Moral and legal problems with self-det.: • Minorities with no feeling of allegiance to the newly created state • How democracy affects constituency and balloting • What if the new state rejects liberal democratic norms

  12. On the League of Nations • “While the moral rhetoric at the creation of the League of Nations was decidedly idealist, in practice states remained imprisoned by self-interest.” • “The collapse of the L. of N. dealt a fatal blow to idealism” (106)

  13. Integration Theory and Pluralism • Transnational cooperation is needed to resolve common problems • Core concept: “ramification” – cooperation in one area would lead to collaboration in others • Not only focused on mutual gains from trade, but also how other transnational actors played a major role in IR now (pluralism) • Huge focus on interdependence • State autonomy was being replaced by interdependence • Criticism by K. Waltz • Less interdep. than predicted

  14. Neo-liberalism • Agreed w/ core assumptions of neorealism • anarchic system, rational approach states are most important • Differ: anarchy does not imply the impossibility of durable patterns of cooperation • Int’l regimes must be created to govern key issue areas • Cooperative agreements would exist when benefits are evenly shared

  15. Neo-liberalism vs. Democratic Peace Th’y • N-Ls say: Scientific approach must be used to build the theory around idealism • N-Ls see a naïve assumption of the DPT: that commerce breeds peace… “Free-trade provides incentives for cooperation, but does not guarantee it.” (107)

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