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CHAPTER 5

CHAPTER 5 . ANCIENT CHINA. FIRST LIFE. Homo sapiens 100,000 years – Africa 50,000 – China Fire Small populations. NEW STONE AGE. Agriculture 6000-7000 years Yellow River Crops Millet Animals . BEGINNINGS. Beginnings Longshan (2000-1500 B.C.E. ) Agriculture, villages.

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CHAPTER 5

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  1. CHAPTER 5 ANCIENT CHINA

  2. FIRST LIFE • Homo sapiens • 100,000 years – Africa • 50,000 – China • Fire • Small populations

  3. NEW STONE AGE • Agriculture • 6000-7000 years • Yellow River • Crops • Millet • Animals

  4. BEGINNINGS • Beginnings • Longshan (2000-1500 B.C.E.) • Agriculture, villages

  5. China in the Shang and Zhou

  6. Shang Society • Farming • Small groups

  7. Shang Society • Ruling class • Extended families • Commoners • Slaves

  8. Shang Culture • Religion • Fertility • Sacrifice • Shamans

  9. SHANG • City-state • King: controlled all • Warfare

  10. SHANG • Writing • Scribes • Powerful • Pictures

  11. SHANG • Bronze • 2000 b.c. • Later, but better than Mesopotamia • Weapons, vessels

  12. SHANG THOUGHT • Yang • Sun=male • Yin • Moon=female • Significant later periods

  13. ZHOU • Zhou • Vassal state of Shang • 1100 B.C.E.

  14. ZHOU SOCIAL ORDER • Weaken city-state system • Mandate of Heaven • Ruling legitimacy • Tian (heaven) • Bureaucracy • Shi

  15. ZHOU SOCIETY • Agriculture • Trade + • Public works • Book of Songs • Poems, song • Love, marriage, life • Philosophy

  16. WARRING STATES PERIOD • Later Zhou period • 401-256 B.C. • Many states, then a few • Why? • Land • Trade/economy

  17. WARFARE • Sun Tzu • Art of War • Military strategy • Popular: 19th& 20th cent.

  18. ART OF WAR • I. LAYING PLANS 1. Sun Tzu said: The art of war is of vital importance to the State. 2. It is a matter of life and death, a road either to safety or to ruin. Hence it is a subject of inquiry which can on no account be neglected. 3. The art of war, then, is governed by five constant factors, to be taken into account in one’s deliberations, when seeking to determine the conditions obtaining in the field. 4. These factors are: 1) The Moral Law; 2) Heaven; 3) Earth; 4) The Commander; 5) Method and Discipline. 9. The COMMANDER stands for the virtues of wisdom, sincerity, benevolence, courage and strictness.

  19. ART OF WAR • III. ATTACK BY STRATAGEM 1. Sun Tzu said: In the practical art of war, the best thing of all is to take the enemy's country whole and intact; to shatter and destroy it is not so good. So, too, it is better to recapture an army entire than to destroy it, to capture a regiment, a detachment or a company entire than to destroy them. 2. Hence to fight and conquer in all your battles is not supreme excellence; supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemy's resistance without fighting. 3. Thus the highest form of generalship is to balk the enemy's plans; the next best is to prevent the junction of the enemy's forces; the next in order is to attack the enemy's army in the field; and the worst policy of all is to besiege walled cities.

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