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EURATOM Euratom: A Regional model in Support of Global Non-proliferation ?

EURATOM Euratom: A Regional model in Support of Global Non-proliferation ?. GGP  Workshop 'Assessing the Prospect of the Euratom Treaty Approach in the Middle East Firenze, June 26-27 2012 Florence, June. outline. Introduction Euratom safeguards system

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EURATOM Euratom: A Regional model in Support of Global Non-proliferation ?

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  1. EURATOM Euratom: A Regional model in Support of Global Non-proliferation ? GGP  Workshop 'Assessing the Prospect of the Euratom Treaty Approach in the Middle East Firenze, June 26-27 2012 Florence, June

  2. outline • Introduction • Euratom safeguards system • Euratom supply approach • Euratom cooperation agreements • Euratom transparency attributes • Euratom training and research framework Caroline Jorant SDRI consulting Firenze June 26/27 2012

  3. Euratom safeguards system • Scope • All peaceful use material, covers NWS • No diversion from intended uses as declared • particular safeguarding obligations under supply agreement • Tools and methods • Legal ; the safeguards regulation (302/2005 and further recommendations), sanctions enforcement (art 83 tutorship, withdrawal of material) • Technical; same as IAEA (declaration,DIV,accountancy, PIV, C&S, sampling) • a steady, well qualified independent tool Caroline Jorant SDRI consulting Firenze June 26/27 2012

  4. Euratom safeguards system • A specific position with regards to IAEA • Role as RSAC or SSAC • Part to « trilateral agreements » • AP’s • The partnership approach • One man one job • Share the equipment, exchange some results but • IAEA must draw independent conclusions  A direct support to IAEA Caroline Jorant SDRI consulting Firenze June 26/27 2012

  5. Euratom cooperation agreements • Cooperation agreements with major suppliers countries • Additionnal layer of commitment taken by the Community as such • May facilitate negociation, and allow free circulation within EU member States • Requirement to follow the « lifecycle » of material’ origin and account for to foreign suppliers (unlike IAEA); flags and swaps  Increase transparency, confidence and common accountability Caroline Jorant SDRI consulting Firenze June 26/27 2012

  6. Euratom supply approach • Context and principles • Scarcity and Equal access • Property and Right of option(62) • Tools • Supply Agency • Conclusion and notification of contracts, export of special fissile material (59 b) • Negociation with suppliers and accountability (HEU) • Supervision excess fissile material (art 80) • Towards a role of Observatory and support increased transparency Caroline Jorant SDRI consulting Firenze June 26/27 2012

  7. Euratom transparency attributes • Investment (chapter 4) • Notification ahead of the signature of contracts • Publication of illustrative programmes financial support (Euratom loans) • Joint undertakings (chapter 5) • Undertakings of fundamental importance • Established by Council decision • Financial support and advantages  a basis for MNA for sensitive facilities? Caroline Jorant SDRI consulting Firenze June 26/27 2012

  8. Euratom training and research framework • a complement to avoid duplication and better use of scarce resources • « communication «  of national or private R&D programmes • Promote joint research, finance and equipment (MNA spirit) • Publication of research programme • Common Training Transparency (AP’s) and building research community Caroline Jorant SDRI consulting Firenze June 26/27 2012

  9. Concluding remarks • Euratom Treaty not a non proliferation Treaty but a comprehensive promotional Treaty • Many of its provisions support non proliferation “confidence atmosphere” with increased transparency and exposure while some directly contribute to IAEA tasks • This fits well with recent IAEA thoughts and endeavours in non proliferation or in safeguards ; AP’s, MNA, State level approach • Security and safety cultures should be seen as complementary and given appropriate emphasis Caroline Jorant SDRI consulting Firenze June 26/27 2012

  10. Concluding remarks • As a community comprising NNWS and NWS, it may provide an illustration of possible arrangements rather than a model for an evolving, step by step construction in the Middle East, without requiring NPT debate • BUT • export control • CFSP , remain outside of Treaty • EURATOM more a source of INSPIRATION than a MODEL that should be updated and adapted to today’s reality and concerns surrounding the development of nuclear energy Caroline Jorant SDRI consulting Firenze June 26/27 2012

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