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Chinese Perceptions of Europeans in the Age of Imperialism

Understand how Chinese view of Europeans was shaped by xenophobia, fears, and the impact of imperialism in Asia. Explore spheres of influence, the Open Door Policy, self-strengthening, and modernization efforts amid Westernization. Learn about Chinese responses to European expansion and the dynamic changes during the Qing Dynasty.

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Chinese Perceptions of Europeans in the Age of Imperialism

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  1. Key Terms #3 Imperialism in Asia World History

  2. Essential Question: How did Chinese people view Europeans? How were their fears justified?

  3. 15. Xenophobia • Fear or dislike of foreigners • Racism is described as a form of xenophobia • China was very suspicious of Europeans • European merchants were restricted to one trading post (Canton) in China for 200 years • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vZYuJWdwk4 Qing Dynasty Cixi Imperial Dowager Empress of China with Attendants

  4. 16. Sphere of Influence • Europeans agree to “carve up” the country • In China Europeans dealt directly with warlords establishing areas that barred others from trading. • China is “carved up” by… • Russia • Japan • Germany • Great Britain • France China is divided between the Western powers

  5. Spheres of influence in China prior to the Open Door Policy

  6. 17. Open Door Policy • US acquires the Philippine Islands • US wants access to China, requests an “open door.” • Did not end the Spheres of Influence but loosened trade among the imperialist powers within the spheres France and Great Britain carve up the world

  7. Open Door Policy and the Boxer Rebellion • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e3XAYIr0478

  8. 18. Self-strengthening • Chinese response to European imperialism • Reformers wanted to adopt Western technology but keep Confucian values • An attempt to strengthen China – but outside pressures continue

  9. 19. Modernization • Industrialization, urbanization, and social change • Advanced WESTERN Infrastructure • Roads • Bridges • Establish WESTERN • Systems of schooling • Colleges & Universities • Encourage trade with other countries Political cartoon of the early 1900s

  10. 20.Westernization • Taking on European languages and customs • An effect of Western expansion and colonialism • New Western ideas of: Industry, technology, law, politics, economics, lifestyle, diet, language, alphabet, religion and values. • Enveloping and rapid influence The effect of the “West” on Japan

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