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Lesson 11-Video

Lesson 11-Video. Overview. Selecting the right monitor. Selecting the right video card. Installing and configuring video software. Maintenance and troubleshooting. Selecting the Right Monitor. Cathode ray rubes (CRTs). Liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs).

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Lesson 11-Video

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  1. Lesson 11-Video

  2. Overview • Selecting the right monitor. • Selecting the right video card. • Installing and configuring video software. • Maintenance and troubleshooting.

  3. Selecting the Right Monitor • Cathode ray rubes (CRTs). • Liquid crystal displays (LCDs).

  4. Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs) • All CRTs consist of a vacuum tube, the cathode ray tube, with electron guns at one end and a phosphor-coated screen at the other. • The unit has electronic controls and magnets to help aim and focus the beams from the electron guns.

  5. Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs) • The number of times that the electron guns can write and refresh all of the phosphors in a single second is the refresh rate. • The refresh rate is measured in hertz (Hz), or cycles per second.

  6. Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs) Shadow mask: • The phosphor coating is arranged in a pattern of red, green, and blue phosphors. • The red, green, and blue electron guns are only supposed to hit phosphors of their color. • A thin metal grille with tiny holes poked through it, called the shadow mask, is anchored in front of the phosphor coating.

  7. Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs) • The finer the shadow mask, the sharper the picture on the monitor. • The electron beams from the electron guns hit the phosphors and strike groups of red, green, and blue dots arranged in rectangular patterns. These rectangular groupings are pixels. • A higher resolution means that there are more, smaller, pixels on the screen.

  8. Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs) Variation among CRTs: • The size of the monitor is measured in terms of the size of the screen, the diagonal of the screen, or by the actual size of the screen that can be worked on. • The viewable image size (VIS) is that part of the screen that actually displays pixels. • CRT tubes are either traditional curved-screen or perfectly flat. • Multimedia monitors offer features such as built-in stereo speakers, microphone, and even USB hubs.

  9. Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) • LCD monitors offer PC users an alternative display. • The display uses layers of filters, liquid crystal, and transistors to provide the individual red, green, and blue dots on the screen. • The control electronics work to make sure everything happens properly.

  10. Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) • LCD monitors use one or two cold fluorescent lights, called backlights, which provide the brightness for the monitor. • A good contrast ratio is the difference between the darkest and the brightest spots that a monitor can display.

  11. Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) • The two common interfaces are video graphics array (VGA) and digital video interface (DVI). • The traditional method for connecting CRT monitors to video cards has been analog, because CRTs require an analog signal.

  12. Selecting the Right Video Card • Inside the display adapter. • Expansion bus interface. • Video card ports. • Multiple video cards for multiple monitors.

  13. Inside the Display Adapter • The graphics processor takes commands from the CPU and translates them into coordinates and color information that the monitor can understand and display. • Video cards are referred to by their manufacturer, model number, graphics processor, and amount of video RAM. • A typical video card might be called an ATI All-in-Wonder Radeon 9700 128 MB.

  14. Inside the Display Adapter • 3D games use textures, which are small pictures tiled over walls, floors, and other surfaces, and lighting effects to create detailed 3D environments. • The video RAM stores images being displayed on the screen. • Every video card capable of running an analog display has a RAM digital-to-analog converter (RAMDAC) chip to take commands from the graphics processor.

  15. Expansion Bus Interface Types of expansion buses: • PCI cards are typically used only for adding a second monitor to a system. • Video cards today connect through the video-only accelerated graphics port (AGP) expansion slot. • AGP slots exist in two standards, named AGP 2.0 and AGP 3.0.

  16. Video Card Ports • Video cards may offer standard three-row, 15-pin DB VGA (or analog) ports and/or DVI ports. • S-Video ports allow the user to plug into a television and even RCA jacks for assorted fun and games. • Some cards may also offer S-video ports, RCA jacks, and video capture ports.

  17. Multiple Video Cards for Multiple Monitors • Using multiple monitors merely requires the installation of a second video card attached to a second monitor. • Some AGP video cards support two monitors from one card. • Video cards require drivers like any other piece of hardware.

  18. Installing and Configuring Video Software • Using display applets. • Working with drivers. • DirectX.

  19. Using Display Applets • The Settings tab offers sliders labeled screen resolution and color quality. • The screen resolution control allows the user to adjust the overall number of pixels that make up the display.

  20. Using Display Applets • The color quality control allows the user to control the number of colors displayed on the screen. • The Advanced button at the bottom of the Settings tab gives access to more settings that are specific to the monitor.

  21. Working with Drivers Drivers File Details Window

  22. Working with Drivers Device Manager Window

  23. DirectX • DirectX is a set of protocols for allowing software to take direct control of certain pieces of hardware, as going through Windows would slow down many processes. • DirectX supports video, sound, network connections, input devices, and other PC components. • The DirectX Diagnostic Tool (Dxdiag) will also allow the user to test the DirectX installation.

  24. Maintenance and Troubleshooting • Caring for the monitor. • Troubleshooting monitor problems. • Troubleshooting LCD monitors. • Video card problems. • Troubleshooting configuration errors.

  25. Caring for the Monitor • Dust the monitor regularly with a computer vacuum. • Glass cleaner and a non-abrasive cloth can be used on CRT monitors. • The LCD panel is covered with a fragile anti-glare coating that requires care when cleaning. • Pollution and interference from other electrical equipment can shorten the life of the monitor.

  26. Troubleshooting Monitor Problems • Fuzziness – The screen may become fuzzy or out of focus when the electron guns inside the tube move out of alignment. • Missing color – If the monitor stops showing red, green, or blue, the video cable is likely to be slipping out of the video card. • Missing pixels – If pixels are missing on a CRT, it is because of a missing RAM.

  27. Troubleshooting Monitor Problems • Dim screen – A dim screen on a CRT means that the electron guns are wearing out and that the monitor needs replacement. A dim screen on an LCD occurs when the blacklight wears off. • No image – No image may appear on the screen when the monitor is unplugged from the video card or if it is not turned on.

  28. Troubleshooting LCD Monitors • Connectivity – The controls will not be accessible if there is a wrong cable/connector combination. • Speckles – Bright white and pure black spots may appear on the screen. • Ghosting – Slow pixel response time occurs when LCD monitors don’t refresh as quickly as CRTs or due to long cables, extenders, and splitters.

  29. Video Card Problems • Beeping Dead PC- If the system makes a series of beeps and fails to boot when started, then it is probably not recognizing the video card. • Bizarre image – Ghost images that do not go away until the system is rebooted indicate a bad video RAM. • Decaying image- An image that seems to go black and begin to dissolve is said to have decayed.

  30. Troubleshooting Configuration Errors • Misaligned screen – If the screen loses its rectangular shape, then the monitor needs to be adjusted. • Flicker – In case of a screen flicker, the refresh rate must be increased in the Display Properties dialog box.

  31. Summary • Two types of monitors are cathode ray tube (CRT) monitor and liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor. • Many LCDs use the analog VGA connector to plug into the video port. • Video cards, also called the display adapters, have several components such as video RAM, graphics processors, and RAMDAC.

  32. Summary • Drivers enable the operating system to communicate effectively with devices. • The Display applet is used to set up and optimize the operating system for the video subsystem. • Most video problems are simply configuration errors, monitor problems, and bad video cards.

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