English and American Literature & Selected Readings

1. English and American Literature & Selected Readings ：魏晓红 : weixiaohonghd@163.com : 13931098970

2. Part 5: Romanticism in England Contents Revision Romanticism Wordsworth “Ancient Mariner”

3. Development of the English Literature More; Marlowe Shakespeare Chaucer Revolution, Restoration early medieval transition Renaissance 1500-1600 450-1050 1100-1400 1400-1500 1600-1700 English Bible Beowulf 4 Johns

4. An Overview of the 18th Literature the Development of Poetry Pope, Blake, Burns pre-romanticists Blake, Burns the Prosperity of Prose Steele, Addison, Swift classicism: classicists Pope, Steele, Addison The Enlightenment the Rising of Novels Defoe, Fielding, Smollett realism: realists the Decline of Drama Goldsmith, Sheridan sentimentalism: sentimentalists Gray, Sheridan

5. Part Five Romanticism in England

6. Important Points 1.The literary terms: • Romanticism • Lake Poets 2. The literary trends and the leading figures 3.The general features The Romantic Period

7. English Romantic Literature 1.The Time (turn of 18th and 19th) beginning ending 1798 1832 Lyrical Ballads Walter Scott’s death the Reform Bill by Wordsworth （英国历史上1832年 议会选举法修正法案）

8. Chapter 1 Romantic Period Group Work • What is Romanticism?

9. What is Romanticism? The Definition of Romanticism: Romanticism is applied to a European movement for a change of attitude or intellectual orientation（方向） in the late 18th to mid-19th century. It can be seen as a reaction against the prescriptivism（旧习） of the prevailing（流行的） Classical and Neo-classical status quo（现状） and against the rationalism（理性主义） and physical materialism（自然唯物主义） of the Enlightenment. Romanticism was a phenomenon which emphasized the individual and the subjective experience, the irrational and imaginative, spontaneity（自发的行为, natural） and emotion, the visionary（梦幻的）, and the transcendental（超自然的）. The representatives are Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley, Keats, etc. This change of attitude is to be found in a wide spectrum（领域） of the arts, including painting, music, architecture and literature.

10. Chapter 1 Romantic Period Group Work 2. What is “Lake Poets”?

11. What is “Lake Poets”? Lake Poets refer to those English romantic poets at the beginning of the 19th century, William Wordsworth, for example, who lived in the heart of the Lake District in the north-western part of England and enjoyed the experience of living close to nature, and these poets were the older generation of Romantic poets who had been deeply influenced by the French Revolution of 1789 and its effects. In their writings they described the beautiful scenes and the country people of that area.

12. Chapter 1 Romantic Period Group Work 3. What are literary trends and who are the representatives?

13. Romantic trends & the representatives poetry Two Schools Lamb, Hazlitt, De Quincey and Hunt prose novels Walter Scott, historical novelist 1)The Edinburgh Review 2)Quarterly Review periodicals 期刊杂志 3)Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine 4)The Examiner

14. The Features of the Romantic Writings p.212 1) The general feature is a dissatisfaction with the bourgeois society. 2) Their writings are filled with strong-willed heroes or even titanic images, formidable events and tragic situations, powerful conflicting passions and exotic/striking pictures.

15. The Features of the Romantic Writings 3) The difference between the two generations of the poets: with symbolic pictures, • Escapist poets: taking on a mystic color • Active poets: representing a vague idea of some future society

16. The Features of the Romantic Writings 4) The romanticists paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of man. 5)Personified nature plays an important role in the pages of their works. 6) The sentiments are expressed by poetry.

17. Summary 1. The literary terms: 2. The literary trends: 3. The leading figures: 4. The general features: Romanticism; Lake Poets Poetry, prose, novel, periodical Wordsworth, Byron, Shelley; Lamb; Scott dissatisfaction, imagination, emotions; rhetorical devices

18. Two Schools of Romantic Poets younger generation active romanticists the elder generation: escapist romanticists Wordsworth Coleridge Southey Byron Shelley Keats Lake Poets

19. Chapter 2 Wordsworth William Wordsworth 华兹华斯 (1770—1850)

20. Chapter Two Learning Focuses • Lyrical Ballads • An Analysis of 2 Poems • Comments both the man and the works

21. Chapter Two Wordsworth Discussion Comments on Lyrical Ballads

22. “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” (“古舟子咏”; “老水手之行”) Wordsworth & Coleridge beginning of the Romantic Revival a joint work Lyrical Ballads 《抒情歌谣集》 1798 Manifesto of the Movement majority of poems deep love for nature sympathy for the poor many subjects: romantic, charm of novelty (新颖) to things of everyday

23. Chapter Two Wordsworth Discussion An Analysis of “She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways ”

24. Examples “She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways”, from Lucy Poems 《露西组诗》 (p.216) Theme: harmony between humanity and nature

25. Listen She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways 她住在人迹罕至的地方， —她美丽的像一棵孤星 就在多佛小溪旁， 独自个儿在夜空中闪现。 无人曾将这少女称赞， 她活着，无人知晓， 也没几人把她放在心上。 她死了，没几人知道； 青苔石旁紫罗兰， 但她现在孤坟之中， 怀抱苔石半遮面！ 对我，就不同了。 （李正栓 译）

26. The rhyme scheme is ________________. abab, cdcd, efef • There are 2 images in the poem. One is the ____________________, the other ____________________________. • Lucy’s beauty is ___________ to the world. • Lucy’s personality is cherished by _______. • A. many B. few half-hidden violet one star shining in the sky unknown few, none, untrodden , unknown

27. Chapter Two Wordsworth Homework An Analysis of “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud ” (《实践》pp.100-2)

28. Chapter Two Wordsworth Discussion Comments on Wordsworth and His Poetry

29. Lake Poets Wordsworth华兹华斯 Coleridge 柯尔律治 Southey 骚塞 beginning as radicals and closing as conservatives

30. Comments on Wordsworth & His Poetry • Descriptions of mountains… and peasants, • and reminiscences (回忆)of his own childhood … Lines Written in Early Spring “早春诗行” To the Cuckoo“致布谷鸟”The Daffodils “水仙花” I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud “我独自漫游像一朵浮云” My Heart Leaps Up“我的心激烈地跳动” Intimations of Immortality “不朽颂” Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey “丁登寺杂咏”

31. Comments on Wordsworth & His Poetry Besides a deep love for nature, 2. a masterhand in searching and revealing the feelings of the common people Many themes: from rural life Characters: lower classes in the countryside

32. Comments on Wordsworth & His Poetry pathetic(忧郁、感情上的) pictures of the working people “The Solitary Reaper” “孤独的收割者” sympathy to the sufferings of the poor, humble peasants naivety天真 of simple peasant children “The Ruined Cottage” “Simon Lee” “The Old Cumberland Beggar” “We Are Seven” “我们是七个”

33. Comments on Wordsworth & His Poetry 3. Wordsworth’s poetry is distinguished by __________ and ___________ of his language which was spoken by the ___________ who convey their feelings and emotions in ______ and _________________________ expressions. purity simplicity peasants simple unelaborated（坦率的）

34. Comments on Wordsworth & His Poetry Wordsworth’s The Prelude 《序曲》or Growth of a Poet’s Mind,an autobiographical poem, is the spiritual record of his mind, showing his development of his own thought and sentiment.

35. More about The Prelude 《序曲》p. 217 1) It is a long and autobiographical poem considered his masterpiece. 2) It has 14 books, analyzing the growth of his poetic genius during his childhood and youth, and recalls the lessons he owes to nature. 3) The description of the book has been called a long journey home.

36. Comments on Wordsworth & His Poetry 4. Wordsworth’s good poetry were written during the _________decade between ________ and__________. • When he lived in seclusion, his poems became declined and more and more conservativein thought. 1798 first 1807

37. Wordsworth’s Writing Principles • All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. • 2. The true function of poetry lies in its power to give an unexpected splendor to familiar and commonplace things. • 3. As to language, he tried to bring his language near to the real language of man.

38. Chapter 3 Coleridge and Southey Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯尔律治(1772—1834)

39. masterpiece Lyrical Ballads 1) “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” “古舟子咏”; “老水手之行” 2) Kubla Khan《忽必烈汗》 3) Christabel《克里斯特贝尔》 4) Biographia Literaria《文学传记》 a literary criticism Poet, critic

40. Biographia Literaria Lyrical Ballads critic key text of the period lyrical poet excellent style and techniques conservative in thinking in his later years His imaginative power is intense and his language melodious.

41. Chapter 3 Discussion The Main Idea of “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”

42. Literary works Lyrical Ballads: • “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” • “古舟子咏”; “老水手之行”. • The poem is considered hismasterpiece. • It is also considered one of the masterpieces of theromantic poetry.

43. “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” • p. 219-20 • It tells astrange storyin the form ofballad. • Three guests are on their way to a wedding party, but one of them is detained (delayed耽搁) by an ancient mariner.The mariner tells him of his adventures on the sea.

44. “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” • When his ship sails towards the South Sea, an albatross（信天翁）comes through the snow-fog and alights（飞落在） on the rigging（帆索；支撑桅船和船帆的索具）. • The mariner is thoughtless enough to shoot it. Then misfortunes fall on the ship.

45. “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” • The whole crew, with the exception of the mariner, die of thirst as a punishment for the act of inhospitality shown to the bird by the old mariner. • The spell（诅咒）breaks only when the mariner repents (regrets) his cruelty.

46. Assignments 1. Memory：Twoliterary terms and representative works and the writing features. 2. Reading：1) 《实践》pp.43-4, 104-106 2） pp.222-244: Chapter 4-5, Byron and Shelley.

47. Goodbye.