African Americans Help Create A New Nation

1. African Americans Help Create A New Nation 1750-1830

2. Main Topics

3. Blacks in Colonial America

7. The Middle Colonies

8. Objections to Idea of Slavery

9. Treatment of slaves in Middle Colonies

10. New England Colonies

11. Treatment of Slaves in North

18. -Largest and most successful rebellion in British Colonies-Rebellion led by African slaves imported from Angola to work on rice plantations. • 20 slaves began rebelling by attacking a white merchant store, killing warehousemen (cutting their heads off and left them on the steps), and taking guns and ammunition. Then fled towards Florida. • Using drums to attract more slaves, they grew to more than 100 slaves.

21. The Revolutionary War Era

22. Problems with Great Britain • Conflict between American Colonies and the British Government • Passed the Navigation Acts • All goods to or from colonies to be transported on British ships • Goods shipped to colonies must go to Britain first to be taxed • Regulation made Colonist Protest

23. French and Indian War • Cause: British fought France and Native Americans for North American Territory (Ohio River Valley) • Effects: GB won the war, Drove Francealmost completely out of America,Canadabecame a British colony, and Britain wanted colonies to pay for the war debt. • Larger empire in North America • Had to pay government officials to run territory. Needed more troops to defend new territories.

24. New Laws • Sugar Act: Taxed sugar and Molasses (needed to make rum) • Stamp Act: all documents must have government (contracts, Licenses, newspapers, playing cards) • Boycott: refusing to buy goods

25. Protests • Boston Massacre: British soldiers killed 5 colonists during a protest. • African American Crispus Attucks was one of the 5 colonists killed • More protest followed. • Boston Tea Party staged in 1773 as protest against new tax on tea. • British responded with stricter laws ( Intolerable Acts) to restore order in the colonies. • Plans back fired and colonist further resisted.

26. Call for Freedom

27. The Declaration of Independence • Written by Thomas Jefferson; • Stated that all people are created equal & have alienable rights • vocal opposition to slavery & Slave trade. • One draft commented that slavery was King George’s fault. • Southerners demanded that the antislavery rhetoric be removed. • Document sent to King without mention of slavery

28. Opposition to Slavery • Thomas Paine and Benjamin Franklin spoke out against slavery • How can colonists fight for their “freedom” and deny others https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bzZnqXvRSLE

29. African Americans: Loyalist or Patriot in the American Revolution

30. Black Soldiers

31. After the War

33. Citizenship in the New Nation

34. Changing Attitudes toward African Americans

35. Antislavery Goals • Different approaches: published writings, move slaves out of the state, law suits, and manumission. • Emancipation: the process of being freed from bondage • Benjamin Rush: a signer of the Declaration of Independence • Anthony Benezet: Protestant leader from Philadelphia. • Both men fought against slavery before and especially after the Revolution

36. Black Enlightenment • Enlightenment: an 18th century intellectual movement which stressed using human reason. • The Enlightenment influenced America’s 1st Black Intellectuals • Phillis Wheatley (Poet) • Benjamin Banneker (Mathematician) • They both believed that one could not claim to support the highest principles of the Enlightenment and, at the same time, deny the basic equality of whites and blacks

37. Northern States Ban Slavery

38. Congressional Involvement • Northwest Ordinance 1787 : Slavery was prohibited in newly added U.S. territory; west of the original American colonies and north and west of Ohio River. • Major victory for slave opponents.

39. Free Blacks • Free Blacks was the term used to describe African Americans who were not slaves • Gained freedom by Military service, release by owners, state law, purchased own freedom • Significant amount not granted freedom; over 1,000 escaped and ran way from owners. • Free Black Communities: Most free blacks lived in rural communities and worked in agriculture. • New York, Boston, and Philadelphia had large free black communities • Paul Cuffe: a black Boston shipper; owned several ships and a thriving business. Had a plan to help take free blacks back to Africa to live.

40. Slavery and the Constitution

41. US Constitution & Slavery Assignment

42. Thursday, September 11, 2019

43. Forces for Slavery • Factors that Strengthened the Continuance of Slavery in the US • The US Constitution • Clauses in the Constitution allowed for the continuation of slavery. • Eli Whitney invents Cotton Gin in 1793 • Increase in demand for cotton = increase in demand for slaves • Louisiana Purchase • The country expands west = more territory for slaveryto exist. • Racism • Whites gradually became more opposed to change and more committed to race-based arguments in favor of slavery.

44. War and Politics • British invasion of the United States during the War of 1812renewed southern fears of slave revolt. • Nevertheless, black soldiers fought for the United States in important battles of the war. The Missouri Compromise (1820) • An effort to maintain balancebetween the North and South • Allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state if Maine entered as a free state

45. African American Culture

46. Keeping African Culture Alive • Black customs in early U.S. were in part continuations of older African traditions • In America slaves, behavior was obedient; in secret customs were maintained. • Songs & Dances reflected Ancestors, Names, and Words- Tote probably came from Bantu EX) Juba dancing, accompanied by Banjo. • Gullahpeople of South Carolina and Georgia still speak Creole, a combined language • Gullah people made food and oral histories much like in Africa

47. The Role of Religion

48. African American Churches • Prohibited from practicing their own religion, still slaves not welcome in white Christian churches • In the North, African Americans sat in special balconies • Lemuel Hayes was an exception, he became a pastor to white Christians in Vermont Independent Churches • The African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church founded by Richard Allen • First of many churches formed to meet the spiritual needs of African Americans

49. African American Schools

50. African American Achievements • African American writers of the Revolutionary War period left behind works that are still admired today. • Slave, Lucy Terry, first known African American poet. • Phillis Wheatley, young Boston slave was first to have poetry published • Kidnapped form Africa she learned to read and write form the wife and daughter of her owner In the space beside the poem, Explain Whatley poem in your own words.