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Von Thunen's Model of Agricultural Land Use: A 19th Century Perspective

Explore J.H. Von Thünen's 1826 model explaining agricultural land use strategies based on market proximity and transportation costs. Learn about the Bid-Rent Theory and how it influenced farming practices in a German agricultural world before Industrialization.

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Von Thunen's Model of Agricultural Land Use: A 19th Century Perspective

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  1. Von Thunen’s Model of Agricultural Land Use

  2. J.H. Von Thünen • German Farmer • Proposed a model in 1826 to explain land use based on his experience • Think back to the beginning of the 19th century: How would you describe his agricultural world? (Think about stage, technology, etc.)

  3. Von Thunen Model: • The first location theory • A concentric model • Created before Industrialization!

  4. Von Thunen Model: • A farmer considers 2 things: • Cost of the land • Cost of transporting product to market • In other words, PROFIT!

  5. Contains six assumptions • There is only one market available, self-sufficient with no outside influence. • All farmers are market oriented, producing goods for sale. (Not subsistence.) • The physical environment is uniform; there are no rivers or mountains. • All points at equal distances from the market have equal access to the market. • All farmers act to maximize profits. • The dietary preferences of the population are those of Germanic Europeans.

  6. One more concept before we turn the page:Land rent Bid-Rent Theory • Land rent (land value) will decrease as one gets farther away from central markets. • Rent is highest in the closest proximity to urban markets. • Thus, agricultural products that have intensive land use, have high transportation costs and were in great demand would be located close to urban markets.

  7. Land rent • The main concept is land rent or land value, which will decrease as one gets farther away from central markets. • Rent is highest in the closest proximity to urban markets. (Bid-Rent Theory) • Thus, agricultural products that have intensive land use, have high transportation costs and were in great demand would be located close to urban markets.

  8. Major concepts: • Distance from the city • Preservation of food • Amount of space

  9. So………. • Dairying and gardening of fruits and vegetables would be closer to the urban market while… • Timber and firewood for fuel and building materials would be in the second zone. • Mixed farming, commercial grain and orchards and • Extensive cattle ranching would be located farther away. Transportation is cheap: the animals can walk to the city for butchering.

  10. Why? • Some products spoiled more quickly, needed more sensitive transportation, or generate higher prices at market • These products mean the farmer can afford higher land rent.

  11. It doesn’t always look the same:

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