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Learn about the stock market, how it works, and how to make investment decisions. Discover the primary and secondary markets, fundamental analysis, and the concept of day trading vs long-term investment.
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Chase Reed, Teen Entrepreneur: 'Sneakers are Like the Stock Market' | CNBC
Introduction to the Stock Market • What is a market? “A regular gathering of people for the purchase and sale of provisions, livestock, and other commodities.” • Markets no longer need to be a physical meeting place. • Internet-based auction sites are markets in that take place entirely online. The parties never physically meet. • Can you name examples of a market? • Farmers’ market • Auction house • eBay • Stock market
Stock Market Overview Company X needs resources to expand business Offers stock for sale for the first time in an Initial Public Offering (IPO) purchased by investment bankers Primary Market Company X stock is offered for sale by brokers on a major stock market Secondary Market New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) Individual investor purchases company X stock online or with a phone call NASDAQ Stock Market
Terms to Know Securities: Interest or ownership in a company or other entity (examples include stocks and bonds) Trade: When a security is purchased or sold in the market
Why is a Broker-Dealer Needed? Brokers-Dealers are intermediaries licensed to trade securities. Individuals are not allowed to buy and sell directly! Some examples include:
Valuation: How Do I Value a Company? What factors affect the price you would pay for the lemonade stand? • Earnings consistency: Knowing you will earn $1,000 every year lets you calculate with certainty how long it will take you to earn back your investment. • Earnings growth: If you believe earnings will increase you may be willing to pay more. Why might earnings increase? • More people will know about the lemonade stand in Year 2, so it will hopefully get more business. • Maybe a school will be built on the corner where the lemonade stand operates. More children means more potential customers. • Heat wave: if it’s hot outside people more people are likely to buy lemonade. • Other reasons?
Example: How Do I Value a Company? Handout or paper Dante started a lemonade stand last year on the corner of Flatbush and Atlantic near his home in Brooklyn, NY. The lemonade stand was open for business during the summer months and made $1,000 in profit for Dante. Below is a breakdown of Dante’s revenue, costs, and profit: Notes: Dante has decided to sell his lemonade stand business to you. How much would you be willing to pay and why?
Investment Decisions: Fundamental Analysis What are some questions you should ask before buying a stock? • What does the company make or what service does it provide? • Who runs the company? Have there been any recent changes? • Who are its competitors? • What advantages does the company have over its competitors? • What are the risks to its business? • How much money does the company make? (Revenue) • How much money does the company earn? (Profits)
Valuation: How Do I Value Starbucks Stock? Why is Starbucks so much more “expensive”? • Investors believe that Starbucks will earn far more in the future • Investing in Starbucks right to those future earnings • Starbucks is continuously developing new, innovative offerings investors hope Starbucks will make more money • Remember, when you buy a stock you are hoping to receive the future profits of the company!
Day Trading Day trading is the buying and selling a stock within a day (typically within minutes or hours).
Long-Term Investment 1985
Stock Research • How to research stocks you would like to invest in: • Descriptions can be found from the website www.wikinvest.com, which can help you research stocks in your free time. • You can also research stocks on Yahoo Finance, Google Finance, or other financial websites. • Think about why they may or may not represent good purchases. • What resources are available to you to conduct your research? • Public web sites such as Yahoo Finance and Google Finance. • Web sites and publications from financial firms such as Barron’s, Bloomberg and Morningstar (sometimes for a fee). • Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) Edgar web site. • It is essential to verify the trust worthiness of your sources. Just because it’s on the internet doesn’t make it true! • If something is too good to be true, then it probably is!
Talk About It! Ask your parents, family members/relatives and older friends: • Do they have a plan to invest their money? Why or why not? • Do they invest in any stocks? If so, how did they make their decision?
Any questions? The End Module 6