Evolution: Darwin's Voyage

1. Warm Up- 1/11 • Explain “Survival of the Fittest.”

2. Good Things

3. Title: Evolution

4. Darwin’s Voyage • Charles Darwin- considered to be the founder of modern evolutionary theory.

5. Darwin’s Voyage • Set sail on the HMS Beagle in 1831 • Became the ship’s naturalist • Arrived in the Galapagos Islands in 1835 • Observed that the animals on the islands were similar to those on the mainland

6. Darwin’s Voyage • On the Origin of Species- established evolution by common descent as the dominant scientific explanation of diversification in nature.

7. Theory of Evolution • Theory- an explanation of a phenomenon that has been tested over time. • Evolution- the gradual change in the characteristics of a species over time (aka descent with modification)

8. Theory of Evolution • Species- a group of organisms whose members look alike and successfully reproduce among themselves.

9. Theory of Evolution • Natural selection- Organisms that are better adapted to an environment are more likely to survive and reproduce (Survival of the fittest). • Artificial selection is the breeding of certain traits over others.

10. Evidence of Evolution • Similarities in DNA • Fossil Record • Similarities in Body Structure • Vestigial Structures • Similarities in Early Development

11. Evidence for Evolution • Genetic Material- All living things contain similar DNA, RNA, and proteins. • What are the components of DNA? RNA? • By comparing DNA sequences of two organisms, scientists can determine whether or not the organisms are closely related. • The relationship can then be used to construct evolutionary pathways.

12. Evidence for Evolution • Fossil Record-Preserved remains of once-living things found in Earth’s rocks.

13. Evidence for Evolution • Fossils have found that many simpler life forms exist early in Earth’s history. • The oldest fossils found are bacteria that lived 3.8 billion years ago.

14. Evidence for Evolution • Other kinds of evidence that support organic evolution are adaptations. • Anatomical • Physiological • Behavioral

15. What do you notice about these structures?

16. Anatomical Evidence • Homologous structures- bodily structures that are similar in structure, but different in function, due to sharing a common ancestor

17. AND … what do you notice about these structures?

18. Anatomical Evidence • Analogous structures- body parts with similar function but differentstructure. Indicate the organisms had different yet related ancestors.

20. Warm Up- 1/14 Describe what is happening in the picture above.

21. Good Things

22. Review • Father of Evolution? • Defining Evolution? Criteria? • Natural Selection • Evidences of evolution

23. Theory of Evolution • Theory- an explanation of a phenomenon that has been tested over time. • Evolution- the gradual change in the characteristics of a species over time (aka descent with modification)

24. Theory of Evolution • Species- a group of organisms whose members look alike and successfully reproduce among themselves.

25. Theory of Evolution • Natural selection- Organisms that are better adapted to an environment are more likely to survive and reproduce (Survival of the fittest). • Artificial selection is the breeding of certain traits over others.

26. Evidence of Evolution • Similarities in DNA • Fossil Record • Similarities in Body Structure • Vestigial Structures • Similarities in Early Development

27. Evidence for Evolution • Genetic Material- All living things contain similar DNA, RNA, and proteins. • What are the components of DNA? RNA? • By comparing DNA sequences of two organisms, scientists can determine whether or not the organisms are closely related. • The relationship can then be used to construct evolutionary pathways.

28. Evidence for Evolution • Fossil Record-Preserved remains of once-living things found in Earth’s rocks.

29. Evidence for Evolution • Fossils have found that many simpler life forms exist early in Earth’s history. • The oldest fossils found are bacteria that lived 3.8 billion years ago.

30. Evidence for Evolution • Other kinds of evidence that support organic evolution are adaptations. • Anatomical • Physiological • Behavioral

31. What do you notice about these structures?

32. Anatomical Evidence • Homologous structures- bodily structures that are similar in structure, but different in function, due to sharing a common ancestor

33. AND … what do you notice about these structures?

34. Anatomical Evidence • Analogous structures- body parts with similar function but differentstructure. Indicate the organisms had different yet related ancestors.

35. Take a Look!! What do you notice about these organisms?

36. Anatomical Evidence • Embryology- The study of the development of embryos. Can indicate evolution from a common ancestor.

38. Overproduction- most species produce far more offspring than will/can survive Factors that affect Natural Selection

39. Factors that affect Natural Selection: Competition- since food and resources are limited, the offspring have to compete to survive Darwin called it: “Struggle for existence”

40. Factors that affect Natural Selection: Variation- Members within a species have individual differences – these differences must be inheritable. Natural selection won’t work in a population of clones! Remember that a key to variation is sexual reproduction.

41. Factors that affect Natural Selection: Survival to reproduce: Only those that are better suited to the environment will survive to reproduce. Fit individuals pass on to a portion of their offspring the advantageous characteristics.

43. Warm Up- 1/15 • Why is it beneficial for Salmon fish to lay THOUSANDS of eggs at one time?

44. Good Things

45. Results of Natural Selection • Adaptation- inherited characteristic that increases an organisms chances of survival. • Speciation- formation of a new species • Extinction- disappearance of a species from all parts of its geographical range.

46. Types of Adaptations • Some adaptations involve changes in the structure of body parts: mimicry and camouflage. • Mimicry- when an organism copies the appearance of another species to protect itself.

47. MIMICRY

48. Milk Snake • Coral Snake

49. Types of Adaptations • Camouflage- an adaptation that enables an organism to blend in with its surroundings.

50. CAMOUFLAGE