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Laminates/Particulate Composite Materials

Laminates/Particulate Composite Materials. Laminate Composites. Materials combine to produce properties not present in any individual component What is a laminate composite? Layers of different materials are joined together.

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Laminates/Particulate Composite Materials

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  1. Laminates/Particulate Composite Materials

  2. Laminate Composites • Materials combine to produce properties not present in any individual component • What is a laminate composite? Layers of different materials are joined together

  3. Can you think of any materials that are used in your life that may be considered a laminate composite?

  4. Design of Laminate Composites • Designed to increase strength and decrease cost • Often have superior resistance to wear • Lightweight • Corrosion resistance

  5. Examples of Laminates • Formica • Layers of heavy kraft papers impregnated with resin overlaid by a plastic decorated sheet that is saturated with a plastic-saturated cellulose mat • Heat and pressure are used to bond the materials together

  6. Examples of Laminates • Capacitors: Capacitors consist of alternating layers of an insulator and a conductor • Example: Aluminum/Mica • The composite will have high conductivity parallel to the plates, but will be insulating in the perpendicular direction

  7. Kevlar • Developed by DuPont in 1960s Aramid synthetic fiber • •Polymer Fiber with very high tensile strength • •Often woven into composite materials • •Many applications – tires, body armor, sports

  8. Kevlar Composites • High tensile strength to weight ratio • On a weight basis, stronger than steel • Well-known component of body armor • Woven into a fabric that is layered for stren

  9. Formation of Laminar Composites • Techniques used to form these composite materials: • Roll bonding • Co-extrusion • Brazing

  10. Particulate composites • Particulate composites or particle reinforced composites • Particles suspended in matrix of another material • Materials can be metallic or non-metallic • Two main types: • Large-particle composites • Dispersion-strengthened composites

  11. Particle Composites: Concrete • Artificial stone-like material • •Made by mixing cement and various aggregates, such as sand, pebbles, gravel, shale, etc., with water • Matrix material: cement • Reinforcement: sand/gravel • Mixture is allowed to harden by hydration

  12. Particulate Composites: Concrete • Non-metallic material in a non-metallic matrix • Sand and gravel that is bonded in a matrix of cement and water • Chemically reacted and hardened to form concrete

  13. Concrete • Both Matrix and particles are considered ceramic materials • •Particles help reduce cost Cement is more expensive • Proportion of Particles-Matrix is important • Aggregate particles can comprise ~60% of material • Need enough matrix to coat particles, but not too much

  14. Dispersion-Strengthened Composites • Contains particles ~0.01-0.1 μm (10-100 nm) • Used to strengthen alloys – by interaction between two phases • Dispersed phase is often hard and inert materials – metallic or nonmetallic • Oxide materials

  15. Metallicparticles in Non-metallicmatrix composite materials • Metal flakes in a suspension is common. An example is aluminum paint is actually aluminum flakes suspended in paint. • Example: Cold Solder is a metal powder suspended in thermosetting resin

  16. Combinations • Laminated composites can have fiber-reinforced composite materials included in the layers: –Boat Hulls –Airplane wings and body sections –Tennis Racquets –Golf club shafts

  17. Definition of Homogenous Materials • Homogenous Material • material that cannot be mechanically divided into different materials • of uniform structure composition throughout • Heterogeneous Material • A material that is composed of elements that are different and can be separated

  18. Behavior of Composite Materials • Most many-made engineered materials are both Homogeneous and isotropic • Homogeneous – uniform structure and composition throughout the material • Isotropic – has material properties that are the same in all directions in the • Body the properties are independent of orientation of the material • Body with temperature-dependent isotropic materials properties are not homogeneous when subject to temperature gradient but are isotropic.

  19. What is an Anisotropic material? • Anisotropic Material • Properties of a material are directionally dependent • It can be defined as a difference, when measured along different axes, in a material's physical property (absorbance, refractive index, density, etc.) • Examples: wood – against the grain and with the grain there are different properties

  20. Supplementary information

  21. Resources and Websites • http://www.contourcomp.com/comp101.html Basic information about composites • http://www.science.org.au/nova/059/059key.htm Composites website

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