GHANA MONITORING AND EVALUATION FORUM(GMEF)

1. GHANA MONITORING AND EVALUATION FORUM(GMEF) Conference on“Using M& E to Promote National Development”6TH June, 2017Sky Plus Hotel Ltd. Ho

2. Presentation on Mainstreaming Gender Equality and Social Inclusion in M & E By Joana Adzoa Opare (Mrs) (International Consultant on Gender, Peace and Development) E-mail: joanaopare@yahoo.com

3. Presentation Outline • Introduction to Gender – Definition • Terms and Concepts - Gender Equality - Gender Analysis - Gender Mainstreaming - Social Inclusion • Sample Gender and Social Inclusion(GESI) Framework • GESI Monitoring & Evaluation and Impact Assessment • GESI Mainstreaming Checklist for Programme and Policy Documents

4. Meaning of Gender • Definition • In broad terms, gender defines and differentiates what women and men, and girls and boys are expected to be and do (their roles, responsibilities, rights and obligations). • It is Culture specific • Differentiates roles, responsibilities and obligations • Defined by societal beliefs, norms, customs and practices

5. Meaning of Gender cont’d… • Factors such as class (social position, wealth), age and education influence gender roles. • Gender and gender roles are major factors in defining and determining men’s and women’s respective access to power and resources. • An understanding of gender roles and relationships helps determine the specific needs of men, women, boys and girls

6. Meaning of Gender cont’d… Ethnicity Caste Physical/Mental impairment • Gender Religion Environment Urban, Rural Socio-economic status Age MULTIDIMENSIONAL

7. Gender cont’d • SEX is the Biological difference between men and women; • SEX differences are the same across the World • SEX is a fact of Human Biology, it does not change • GENDER IS NOT! IT CHANGES!

8. What is Gender Equality • the absence of discrimination on the basis of gender in opportunities, in the allocation of resources or benefits, or in access to services. It is the full and equal exercise by men and women, boys and girls of their human rights. • Gender equality means that women and men, and girls and boys, enjoy the same rights, resources, opportunities and protections.

9. Gender Analysis - It means being more accurate in disaggregating the forces that create and sustain poverty asking:who does what? Who has what? Who decides? Which men/boys?, Which women/girls? • Definition - The Systematic generation and breaking down of information (number, age, sex, social relations) to reveal the conditions and positions of females and males

10. Advantages of Gender Analysis • Breaks down the public/private divide and brings the private into the public sphere • Looks at how the dynamics within the household interrelate with dynamics at international, state, market and community level • Helps generate scientific/objective information • Helps provide baseline for comparison and tracking of progress • Justifies and rationalises interventions

11. Steps for gender analysis • The five main steps to consider in doing gender analysis are: • Identification of issues • Data collection • Data analysis • Formulation of expected results • Indicators: development and use

12. Key Questions Gender Analysis Address It addresses the following questions should be considered during all the stages of the analysis: • Who does what with what resources? • Who benefits and who decides? • What are the factors influencing this situation? • What are the gender needs and constraints?

13. GENDER MAINSTREAMING • Definition: - “IT IS THE PROCESS FOR ASSESSING THE IMPLICATION FOR MEN AND WOMEN OF ANY PLAN POLICY ACTION INCLUDING LEGISLATION, POLICIES OR PROGRAMMES IN ANY AREA AND AT ALL LEVELS

14. Definition cont’d • IT IS A STRATEGY FOR MAKING WOMEN’S AS WELL AS MEN’S CONCERNS AND EXPERIENCES AN INTERGRAL DIMENSION OF THE DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF THE POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES IN ALL POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIETAL SPHERES SO THAT WOMEN AND MEN BENEFIT EQUALLY, AND INEQUALITY IS NOT PERPETUATED”. • THE ULTIMATE GOAL IS TO ACHIEVE GENDER EQUALITY! (ECOSOC)

15. What does it mean to be part of the mainstream? • Having equitable access to society’s resources, including socially valued rewards and opportunities • Equal participation in influencing what is valued, shaping development directions, and distributing opportunities

16. What Gender mainstreaming means in practice • Identifying gaps in gender equality through the use of sex-disaggregated data; • Analyzing the underlying causes; • Developing strategies to close those gaps; • Putting resources and expertise into implementing strategies for gender equality; • Monitoring implementation; • Holding individuals and institutions accountable for results.

17. Basic Principles for Mainstreaming Gender • Analysis / understanding of the history, context, rational, ideology and implications of gender equality in organisations at all levels. • Ensuring that adequate accountability mechanisms for monitoring progress is established • Ensuring the identification of issues and problems across all area(s) of activity should be such that gender differences and disparities can be Diagnosed

18. Basic Principles cont’d • Sex Disaggregated Information and Data Collection And Management • A clear Political Will and the allocation of adequate resources for mainstreaming, • Identifying that gender is not an “individual or women’s issue” but societal and has implications for men as well as women, boys and girls. • Organizational/institutional structures and mechanisms in place to enhance gender mainstreaming to ensure day to day support for gender related initiatives and commitment

19. Mainstreaming Approaches • Gender Policies • Gender Audit to reveal gaps • Capacity building, resource allocation, training and information dissemination • Responsibility allocation • Accountability systems; actual/potential capacity, induction and performance appraisal • Use of internal and external experts

20. Approaches cont’d • Programmatic, institutional and personal guideline on accepted standards • Affirmative action, numerical strength and stereotype elimination • Gender responsive human resource policies • Mechanisms for sustainability • Documenting experiences and lessons • Building alliances • Leading by example

21. Social Inclusion • Definition the removal of institutional barriers and the enhancement of incentives to increase the access of diverse individuals and groups to development opportunities. • Social Inclusion is about social analysis and disaggregating Social groups to reveal which group benefit from social interventions

22. Sample Gender and Social Inclusion Framework Statistics and Analysis Have we considered the Socially excluded? Have we counted all men and women? Do women and men have a fair share? Individual and Organizational change Do staff have the knowledge , skills and commitment to make a lasting change? Policy, action and resources Have we invested equally in men and women? Do our policies address the needs of the socially excluded? Voice and Accountability Do the socially excluded have a voice? Have both men and women been consulted?

23. Gender Equality &Social Inclusion Monitoring, Evaluation and Impact Assessment The questions to ask include: • At the monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment stage, the questions to ask include: • Is there a monitoring and evaluation system in place, which will enable staff to identify positive and negative impact in terms of gender equality and social inclusion? • Do monitoring tools require sex disaggregated data and information?

24. M & E cont’d At the programme level: To assess programme impact on GESI, it is important to check what changes have occurred in the following programme areas: • Women and men’s equal participation in decision-making processes in private and public spheres; • Inclusion of vulnerable groups in decision-making processes and their access to and control over resources and access to basic social services; • Women and men’s equal access to and control over resources and access to basic social services;

25. M & E cont’d • The incidence of women suffering gender-related violence; • Women’s empowerment (confidence, self-esteem, access to financial resources, capacity for leadership and self-organisation); • Gender stereotypes and discriminatory attitudes toward women and girls. This includes changes in the understanding and commitment of men to supporting women’s empowerment (as measured by women and men separately). • If gender and social impact indicators were developed at the planning stage, these should be used to assess progress

26. GESI Mainstreaming Checklist for Programme or Policy Documents: • Background and Justification: Is the GESI dimension highlighted in background information to the intervention with convincing justification for GESI mainstreaming? • Goals: Does the goal of the proposed intervention reflect the needs of women, men, boys, and other social groups, seeking to transform the institutions that perpetuate gender inequality? • Target Beneficiaries: Except where interventions specifically target men or women, boys or girls as a corrective measure to enhance gender equality, is there gender balance within the target beneficiary group? • Objectives: Do the intervention objectives address needs of women and men, boys and girls and other marginalized groups? • Activities: Do planned activities involve both men and women and other relevant stakeholders with necessary inputs to ensure that a GESI perspective is made explicit (e.g. training in GESI issues, additional research, etc.)?

27. Indicators: Have indicators been developed that measure the GESI aspects of each objective? (e.g. quotas for male and female participation)? • Implementation: Will both women and men and other relevant stakeholders participate in implementation ensuring that a GESI perspective is sustained throughout implementation? • Monitoring and Evaluation: Does the monitoring and evaluation strategy include a gender perspective? Will it examine both substantive (content) and administrative (process) aspects of the intervention?

28. Cont’d • Risks: Has the greater context of gender roles and relations within society eg stereotypes or structural barriers been considered as a potential risk? • Budget: Must ensure that both men and women will benefit from the planned intervention including provision for gender sensitivity training • Annexes: Are any relevant research papers (or excerpts) included as annexes? • Communication Strategy: Has a communication strategy been developed for informing various publics about the existence, progress and results of the project from a GESI perspective? *Source: UNDP Gender Mainstreaming Manual

29. References • UNDP Gender mainstreaming manual, 2004 • DFID Gender Manual, 2008 • DFID SLP Structured Approach Paper on Gender and Social Inclusion, 2009 • 3. European Union Manual on gender mainstreaming, 2005 • 5. Oxfam Gender Mainstreaming Tools, 2004

30. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!