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Miroslav Votava, Vladana Woznicová MICROBIOLOGY AND MEDICINE February 1 6 , 200 9

Institute for Microbiology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University and St. Anna Faculty Hospital in Brno. Miroslav Votava, Vladana Woznicová MICROBIOLOGY AND MEDICINE February 1 6 , 200 9. What is the Medical Microbiology?.

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Miroslav Votava, Vladana Woznicová MICROBIOLOGY AND MEDICINE February 1 6 , 200 9

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  1. Institute for Microbiology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University and St. Anna Faculty Hospital in Brno Miroslav Votava, Vladana Woznicová MICROBIOLOGY AND MEDICINE February 16, 2009

  2. What is the Medical Microbiology? Medical microbiology = complex of sciences about microorganisms (microbes)that are of significance in medicine Therefore, medical microbiology deals with: • microbes called pathogenic which cause diseases of man or animals • microbes which form so called normal microflora of human beings and animals • mutual relationships between microbes and their host • relations between the microbes and theenvironment

  3. Different kinds of microbiology Actually, there are two kinds ofmedical microbiology: human and veterinary one But most oftenmedical microbiology is considered as a science about microbes important for human medicine only A part of medical microbiology which deals with the etiology, pathogenesis and diagnostics of diseases caused by microbesis calledclinical microbiology Besides medical microbiology, there are: Sanitary microbiology Environmental microbiology (of soil, water, plants etc.) Food microbiology Other kinds of industrial microbiology

  4. Division of microbiology • bacteria bacteriology • micromycetes (moulds & yeasts) mycology • (algae) (algology) • parasites parasitology • protozoa protozoology • helminths helminthology • arthropods entomology • viruses virology general microbiology × special microbiology

  5. Bacteria Bacillus subtilis, photo: B. Skalka

  6. Micromycetes (moulds & yeasts) Aspergillus niger (left), Candida Albicans (right)

  7. Parasites Enterobius vermicularis, photo: M.Dvořáčková

  8. Viruses The chicken embryo (right), photo: M.Dvořáčková

  9. What should we know about the microbe X ? – I 1. Classification, morphology, structure Is it a bacterium, a yeast, or a protozoon? Bacterium: is it G+, G-, or does it stain differently? Is it a coccus, rod, filament, spiral? How are they arranged? In pairs, chains, clumps, palisades? Do they produce spores, capsules, granules? 2. Physiology, biochemistry, genetics, tenacity Is it an anaerobe? Has it got any important biochemical property? Is it interesting from the point of genetics? Is it tenacious, or delicate?

  10. What should we know about the microbe X ? – II 3. Antigenic structure Does the microbe exist in one or several antigenic types? 4. Pathogenicity Which disease or syndromes does it cause? What are their Latin names? 5. Pathogenesis What is the port of entry, dissemination through the body, excretion from it? How do the symptoms develop? What are the main factors of pathogenicity? 6.Immunity Does it form at all? Transient, or lifelong? Humoral, or cellular one?

  11. What should we know about the microbe X ? – III 7.Epidemiology Source of infection: man, animal, environment? Way of transmission? 8.Prevention or prophylaxis Do we vaccinate, or do we immunize passively? Type of vaccine: attenuated, inactivated, toxoid? 9. Therapy What is the drug of choice? If an antibiotic, which one?

  12. What should we know about the microbe X ? – IV 10. Laboratory diagnostics Detection of the microbe – direct or indirect one? • If the direct one, what sample is taken from the patient? How is it examined? If by culture, is a special medium needed? How is the isolated strain identified? • If the indirect one, is a special serologic reaction needed? What is considered to be the positive result?

  13. Anniversaries 2009 – I 335 1674 Protozoa first seen by van Leeuwenhoek 260 1749 * Edward Jenner, founder of vaccination against smallpox 145 1864 Pasteur discovered that wine is spoiled by microbes 130 1879 Neisser discovered gonococci 125 1884 Löffler & Klebs: agent of diphtheria Eberth & Gaffky: agent of typhoid fever Metchnikoff described phagocytosis Gram described „Gram staining“ 115 1894 Kitasato& Yersin: agent of plague

  14. Anniversaries 2009 – II 90 1919 Bordet: Nobel prize for discovery of BWR, complement, agent of pertussis 70 1939 Domagk: effect of sulphonamides on gonococci 65 1944 Waksman discovered streptomycin 55 1954 Salk: inactivated vaccine against polio Enders et al. grew poliovirus on cell culture 20 1989 Bishop & Varmus: Nobel prize for discovery of cell origin of retroviral oncogenes

  15. Recommended teaching material 1) Basic textbook Greenwood et al.: Medical Microbiology, 17th Ed., 2007 Alternatives: Murray et al.: Medical Microbiology Mims et al.: Medical Microbiology 2) Lecture notes 3) List of questions 4) Protocols from practical exercises + www.medmicro.info

  16. Thank you for your attention

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