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Exploring the Dynamic IR Sky with Spitzer, JWST and SPICA

Exploring the Dynamic IR Sky with Spitzer, JWST and SPICA. Spitzer. JWST. Ryan M. Lau (JAXA ITY Fellow, ISAS/ JAXA). SPICA. SPICA2019 Meeting May 23, 2019. M. Kasliwal (Caltech), M. Ressler (JPL), J. Jencson (Caltech), H. Matsuhara (ISAS),

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Exploring the Dynamic IR Sky with Spitzer, JWST and SPICA

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  1. Exploring the Dynamic IR Sky with Spitzer, JWST and SPICA Spitzer JWST Ryan M. Lau (JAXA ITY Fellow, ISAS/JAXA) SPICA SPICA2019 Meeting May 23, 2019 M. Kasliwal (Caltech), M. Ressler (JPL), J. Jencson (Caltech), H. Matsuhara (ISAS), T. Nakagawa (ISAS), T. Wada (ISAS), H. Kaneda (Nagoya) and SPIRITS Collaboration

  2. Talk Outline • IR Time Domain Astronomy • Revealing unusual IR transients with Spitzer • IR Transient follow-up with JWST • Continuing the exploration of the IR sky with SPICA Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  3. Why do IR time domain astronomy? Optical surveys are ideal for studies of novae and supernovae… Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  4. Why the Infrared (for time domain)? Spitzer • Need IR to reveal “invisible” dusty or red transients and variables! • Luminous red novae (Stellar mergers) • Dust production from massive stars • EM Counterparts of NS-mergers (!!) Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  5. Why the Infrared (for time domain)? Spitzer Spitzer/IRAC detection of aredcounterpart to binary NS-merger GW170817 at +43 days • Need IR to reveal “invisible” dusty or red transients and variables! • Luminous red novae (Stellar mergers) • Dust production from massive stars • EM Counterparts of NS-mergers (!!) Kasliwal, Kasen, Lau, et al. (2019) Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  6. Exploring the Dynamic Infrared Sky With Spitzer • SPIRITS - SPitzerInfraRedIntensive Transients Survey (P.I.: MansiKasliwal) • Since 2014, a mid-IR systematic search of 190 galaxies at cadence baselines from 1 week to 6 months • Limiting magnitude of 20/19 mag at 3.6/4.5 um => 3.6um depth of -11.5 mag at 20 Mpc Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  7. Exploring the Dynamic Infrared Sky With Spitzer • Spitzer –0.85-m mid-IR space telescope operating since 2003 and is now in its “Warm Mission” • SPIRITS - SPitzerInfraRedIntensive Transients Survey (P.I.: MansiKasliwal) • Since 2014, a mid-IR systematic search of 190 galaxies at cadence baselines from 1 week to 6 months SPIRITS will continue until end of Spitzer in Jan 2020! Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  8. Exploring the Dynamic Infrared Sky With Spitzer Results: 40+ IR transients and 1200+ variables revealed the first year! 14 Papers submitted/published Lau+ (2016, 2017, 2019), Karambelkar+ (2019), Jencson+ (2017, 2018, 2019), Kasliwal+ (2017), Tinyanont+ (2016, 2019), Blagorodnova+ (2017), Johansson+ (2017), Smith+ (2016), Fox+ (2016) Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  9. What are the SPIRITS IR Transients? SPIRITS transients identified in the first year… • 21 were known supernovae • 4 were in the luminosity range of classical novae • 15 were mysteries with no optical counterparts! • Exist in the luminosity gap between novae and supernovae • Currently, we have verified 35 Kasliwalet al. (2017) Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  10. eSPeciallyRed Intermediate-luminosity Transient Events (SPRITEs) Kasliwalet al. (2017) Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  11. eSPeciallyRed Intermediate-luminosity Transient Events (SPRITEs) Messier 101 (Spitzer/IRAC) SPIRITS 14aje 2’ Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  12. What are SPRITEs? Stellar merger? (Tylenda et al. 2011) Highly Obscured SN? (Jencson et al. 2017) Lifetime of a star… Young Evolved Outburst from massive X-ray binary? (e.g. Lau et al. 2016, 2019) Birth of massive star binary? (Bally et al. 2015) Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  13. Follow-up Characterization with the James Webb Space Telescope Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  14. The James Webb Space Telescope Deployable IR telescope w/ 6-m diameter segmented primary mirror Cryogenic temperature (< 50 K) telescope and instruments passively cooled by 5-layer sunshield (MIRI cooled to 6.7 K) • Will be the most sensitive infrared observatory between 1 – 28 μm

  15. JWST GTO Program: SPRITE Follow-up Follow up 3 SPRITEs identified by Spitzer as Targets of Opportunity for 3 – 28 μm coverage. (GTO 1240, PI – M. Ressler) Spitzer/IRAC

  16. JWST ERS Program on dusty Wolf-Rayet Star WR140 (PI – Lau) Composition PAHs? HACs? QCCs? Dust Growth and Destruction Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  17. And Beyond with SPICA…Continuing the Exploration of the Infrared Sky Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  18. Beyond the mid-IR with SPICA • After JWST (~2030), the future of IR astronomy will be shaped by SPICA • SPICA will enable for the first time an extragalactic far-IR transient survey SPaceInfrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  19. Beyond the mid-IR with SPICA A Far-IR Transient Survey • with the SPICA Mid-IR Imager (SMI)… • Imaging at 34 um probes peak of warm dust emission • Spectroscopy between 17 – 35 um probes mid- to far-IR dust • Sensitive and Large field of view (12 x 10’) SPaceInfrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  20. A Far-IR Transient Survey: FoV Messier 101 SPICA/SMI Cam (34 um Imaging) JWST/MIRI 2’ Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  21. A Far-IR Transient Survey: FoV Messier 101 SPICA/SMI LR (17 – 35 um Spec.) JWST/MIRI 2’ Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  22. A Far-IR Transient Survey: Strategy • ~50 Galaxy Sample (<20 Mpc) • 2 SMI observations of a galaxy in visibility window every 6 months (4 per yr x 3 yr => ~600 hr total) • Target new transients in SMI/LR slits • Simultaneous spec. follow-up and new epoch of imaging Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  23. A Far-IR Transient Survey: Strategy • ~50 Galaxy Sample (<20 Mpc) • 2 SMI observations of a galaxy in visibility window every 6 months (4 per year => ~400 hr total) • Target new transients in SMI/LR slits • Simultaneous spec. follow-up and new epoch of imaging Can SPICA/SMI resolve and detect the Spitzer IR transients? Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  24. SPICA/SMI Spatial Resolution Test Messier 101 Spitzer/IRAC FWHM – 1.8’’ SPICA/SMI FWHM – 3’’ SPRITE! Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  25. SPICA/SMI Spatial Resolution Test Messier 101 Spitzer/IRAC FWHM – 1.8’’ SPICA/SMI FWHM – 3’’ SPRITE! RefSubtracted Ref 2’ New Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  26. SPICA/SMI Spatial Resolution Test Messier 101 Spitzer/IRAC FWHM – 1.8’’ SPICA/SMI FWHM – 3’’ SPRITE! [Convolved] [Convolved] [Convolved] RefSubtracted Ref New Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  27. A Far-IR Transient Survey: Sensitivity Possible SPRITE Spectra Templates Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  28. A Far-IR Transient Survey: Sensitivity Possible SPRITE Spectra Templates SMI/LR Sensitivity (17 – 35 um) SPICA/SMI Sensitivity(34 um) Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  29. A Far-IR Transient Survey: Sensitivity Possible SPRITE Spectra Templates Yes! SPICA/SMI can resolve and detect the Spitzer IR transients! SMI/LR Sensitivity (17 – 35 um) SPICA/SMI Sensitivity(34 um) Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  30. A Far-IR Transient Survey: Science Far-IR is a good probe of total dust mass… …FIR light curves can measure dust formation/destruction and mass loss/accretion • Supernova ejecta • Classical novae • Massive YSOs • Dust from evolved stars • Ejecta from NS mergers? Spitzer/IRAC mid-IR light curves of type-II SNe (Tinyanont et al. 2016) Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  31. Summary Infrared Time Domain Astronomy Unusual Transients and Plans w/ JWST Plans for the Future IRprobes dust and can reveal stellar activity hidden from traditional optical surveys SPIRITS - We are conducting a targeted mid-IR transient with Spitzer/IRAC We Identified a mysterious IR transients (SPRITEs) in SPIRITS We will follow these up with JWST and characterize them! SPICAwill shape future of IR astronomy The SMI is capable of conducting a powerful far-IR survey to discover and characterize IR transients Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  32. Final Thoughts on the Promise of SPICA Infrared Time Domain Astronomy Unusual Transients and Plans w/ JWST Plans for the Future • SPICA covers all of the hot topics in astronomy: • High-z galaxies/AGN • Solar System/Planets/Disks • Star Formation/ISM (B-Fields!) • Time domain astronomy IRprobes dust and can reveal stellar activity hidden from traditional optical surveys SPIRITS - We are conducting a targeted mid-IR transient with Spitzer/IRAC We Identified a mysterious IR transients (SPRITEs) in SPIRITS We will follow these up with JWST and characterize them! SPICAwill shape future of IR astronomy The SMI is capable of conducting a powerful far-IR survey to discover and characterize IR transients Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  33. Summary – Thanks! Infrared Time Domain Astronomy Unusual Transients and Plans w/ JWST Plans for the Future IRprobes dust and can reveal stellar activity hidden from traditional optical surveys SPIRITS - We are conducting a targeted mid-IR transient with Spitzer/IRAC We Identified a mysterious IR transients (SPRITEs) in SPIRITS We will follow these up with JWST and characterize them! SPICAwill shape future of IR astronomy The SMI is capable of conducting a powerful far-IR survey to discover and characterize IR transients Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  34. Backup and Draft slides Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  35. eSPeciallyRed Intermediate-luminosity Transient Events (SPRITEs) IR Transient Light Curves Sample of SPRITEs Kasliwalet al. (2017) Ryan Lau - ryan.lau@jaxa.jp

  36. After Spitzer…Continuing the Exploration of the Infrared Sky

  37. Gattini-IR, a Wide-Field Near-IR Survey Telescope on Mt. Palomar Gattini-IR PI’s: M. Kasliwal (Caltech) & A. Moore (ANU) • Wide-field J-band survey from Palomar with 0.3 m telescope • 25 sq. degree imager to survey observable sky to 15.5 mag every night (5σ in 30s) • 8.6’’ pixel scale Ryan Lau - ryanlau@caltech.edu • (Moore et al. 2016)

  38. A Nightly Cadence Near-IR Survey Gattini-IR Science Cases • Supernovae • Classical novae • Massive YSO outbursts • EM counterparts of NS-mergers Ryan Lau - ryanlau@caltech.edu

  39. First Pipeline Discovered Source Asteroid Hadwiger 2151 10/20 10/19 Ryan Lau - ryanlau@caltech.edu

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