M.L.V. Textile & Engg. College Bhilwara (Rajasthan)

1. M.L.V. Textile & Engg. College Bhilwara (Rajasthan) SEMINAR ON SLEEPING BAG Under the guidance and supervision ofMr. V.K. Gupta Submitted by: KALPESH MALVIA FINAL YEAR TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY

2. CONTENTS • INTRODUCTION • DESIGN TYPES • TEMPERATURE RATING • MANUFACTURING PROCESS • FEATURES • HOW TO KEEP WARM IN SLEEPING BAGS • SELECTION OF SLEEPING BAG • MANUFACTURERS AND TYPES • CONCLUSION • REFERENCES • BIBLIOGRAPHY

3. INTRODUCTION A SLEEPING BAG IS A PROTECTIVE BAG FOR A PERSON TO SLEEP IN, ANALOGOUS TO A BED AND BLANKET. ITS PRIMARY PURPOSE IS TO PROVIDE WARMTH AND INSULATION. IT ALSO PROTECTS, TO SOME EXTENT, AGAINST WIND, PRECIPITATION AND EXPOSURE TO VIEW, BUT A TENT PERFORMS THOSE FUNCTIONS BETTER. THE BOTTOM SURFACE ALSO PROVIDES SOME CUSHIONING, BUT A SLEEPING PAD IS USUALLY USED FOR THAT PURPOSE. A BIVOUAC SACK (BIBY) IS WATERPROOF COVER FOR A SLEEPING BAG THAT MAY BE USED IN PLACE OF A TENT FOR LIGHT WEIGHT TRAVELERS.

4. DESIGN TYPES 1. MUMMY BAG • ITS SIMPLY A SQUARE BLANKET FITTED WITH A ZIPPER ON TWO SIDES ALLOWED TO BE FOLD HALF AND SECURED IN THIS POSITION. • IT TAPERS FROM THE HEAD END TO THE FOOT END, REDUCING ITS VOLUME AND SURFACE AREA • THE TAPERED SHAPE DESIGN HELPS IN PROTECTING FEET, WHICH ARE MORE VULNERABLE TO HEAT LOSS THAN OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY. • IT USUALLY HAVE DRAW STRING AT THE HEAD END, TO HELP PREVENT THE ESCAPE OF WARM AIR.

6. 2. FILL • A HIGHLY COMPACT SLEEPING BAG MEASURING 23CM WITH A DIAMETER OF 12 CM WHEN PACKED BUT 210CM × 65CM WHEN UNFOLDED. • SYNTHETIC FILL USED AS INSULATING MATERIAL. • DOESN’T READILY ABSORB WATER, DRIES EASILY, PROVIDES SOME WARMTH AND MAY SAVE THE OWNERS LIFE. • MATERIAL USED FOR THESE PURPOSE ARE NYLON, POLYSTER, NOTABLY COTTON AND WOOL

8. 3. SLUMBER BAGS • THIS IS SLEEPING BAGS FOR CHILDREN. • NOT DESIGNED TO BE WEATHER PROOF • IT MAKE FLOOR SLEEPING MORE COMFORTABLE • OFTEN USED FOR FAMILY VISITS AND OTHER SITUATIONS WHERE THERE ARE NOT ENOUGH BEDS FOR EVERYONE

9. TEMPERATURE RATINGS STANDARD NORMALISES THE TEMPERATURE AT WHICH A SLEEPING BAG CAN BE USED. PROVIDES FOUR TEMPERATURES: • UPPER LIMIT • COMFORT RATING • LOWER LIMIT • EXTREME RATING

10. Gray Fabric Scouring Scoured Fabric Calendard Fabric 1-Chemical Treated Fabric 2-Chemical Treated Fabric Stitching Sleeping Bag

11. FEATURES 1. SHELL AND LINING FABRIC THE CHOICE OF SHELL FABRIC AND FINISHING AFFECTS THE WEIGHT, WATER REPELLENCY, COMFORT, COST, DURABILITY, LONGEVITY OF A SLEEPING BAG. 2. INSULATION MATERIAL NATURAL FILLS (DOWN AND FEATHERS) AND BATTINGS OF SYNTHETIC FIBERS (HOLLOW FIBER FILL AND POLYESTER FIBER FILL). 3. DRAFT TUBE AN INSULATING TUBE RUNNING PARALLEL TO AND ALONGSIDE THE ZIPPER THAT BLOCKS HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE TEETH OF THE ZIPPER.

12. 4. COLLAR, DRAFT COLLAR, NECK YOKE THE COLLAR IS AN INSULATED TUBE COVERING OUR THROAT AND SHOULDERS THUS PREVENT HEAT LOSS FROM AROUND THE NECK. 5. HOODS UPTO 50% OF OUR BODY’S HEAT CAN BE LOST THROUGH OUR HEAD, AN EFFECTIVE HOOD IS A WEIGHT EFFICIENT WAY OF IMPROVING A BAG’S WARMTH. 6. FOOT BOX BETTER DESIGNED MUMMY BAGS ARE FLARED AND BOXED, AND HAVE MORE INSULATION IN THE FOOT AREA. 7. SIZE AND VOLUME OF BAG - LENGTH AND WIDTH SLEEPING BAGS WITH LOWER INTERNAL VOLUME ARE MORE EFFICIENT SINCE THERE IS LESS AIR INSIDE THE BAG TO HEAT UP.

13. HOW TO KEEP WARM IN A SLEEPING BAG? OUR SLEEPING BAG DOES NOT PRODUCE HEAT, ITS ONLY AN INSULATOR THAT SLOWS HEAT BEING LOST FROM OUR BODY. IN COLD CONDITIONS WE WILL SLEEP COMFORTABLY IF WE MAXIMISE OUR BODY’S HEAT PRODUCTION AND MINIMISE HEAT LOSS • HUMAN COMPONENTS • ROLE OF METABOLISM & BODY MASS • DIET (PROTEIN, CARBOHYDRATES, SUGAR OR HOT BEVERAGE) • AGE/ PHYSICAL CONDITION • SYSTEM COMPONENTS • GROUND & GROUND PAD, CONDUCTIVE SURFACES • TENT • CLOTHING

14. SELECTION OF SLEEPING BAG • TIME/RANGE/ENVIRONMENT/MULTISEASON RANGE OF USE • TYPE OF CAMPING CAR CAMPING BACK CAMPING BICYCLE CAMPING KAYAK CAMPING • SIZE AND SHAPE • WARRANTY

15. HOW TO CARE FOR A SLEEPING BAG • WHILE IN USE • WHILE IN STORAGE (AIR BAG AFTER USE) • CLEANING OF SLEEPING BAG

16. MANUFACTURERS AND TYPES • COLEMAN COMPANY • HAGLOFS • KELTY • MAMMUT • MOUNTAIN HARDWEAR • SNUGPAK • THE NORTH FACE • PHD MOUNTAIN SOFTWEAR • WIGGY’S • KESRI TRANS CONTINENTAL, DELHI • M.K. INTERNATIONAL, DELHI • AMRITA SALES CORPORATION, DELHI

17. [ Lightweight Down Sleeping Bags ][ Lightweight Synthetic Sleeping Bags ] [ Above 30 F. (down) ]  [ 15-30 F. (down) ][ 0-15 F. (down)  ]  [ Above 30 F. (synthetic) ][ 15-30 F. (synthetic) ]  [ 0-15 F. (synthetic)  ]  [ Winter Sleeping Bags  ]  [ Sleeping Bag Accessories ]

18. CONCLUSION • The fabric weight and add-on percentage increasesafter any coating treatment. • Fabric crimp percentage and thickness both decreases for calendared fabric while the coatinghas increased the thickness of the fabric. • Fabric tensile strength, elongation percentage, tearing strength, bursting strength, air permeability all decreases with the coating.

19. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT • I express my deep gratitude from the core of my heart to Mr. V. K. Gupta, Senior Lecturer of Designing Department, M.L.V.T.E.C., Bhilwara, without whose constant guidance, advice,& inspiration, this work would not have been possible. • I am thankful to all the lecturers for spending their valuable time for attending my seminar. • I am also thankful to my classmates for attending and listening myseminar with patience & great interest.

20. BIBLIOGRAPHY • 1. www.safetyforum.com/Sleeping bag/ • Crane, H.R. "The Sleeping Bag: An Exercise in Newton's Laws," The Physics Teacher, 23, p. 576-578,1998. • 3.  http://www.colemancompany.com • 4.  Newton's Apple: Teacher's Guides. “Sleeping bags “ • 22 June,1998. • 5.  United States Patent 5302432 Sleeping bag issued on April (12),1994.

21. Thanks