Transposed Letter Effect

1. Transposed Letter Effect You will briefly see a string of letters Decide if it is a word or not In the real experiments, subjects press keys to indicate yes (word) or no (not a word). Here: If it is a word, say “yes”. If it is not a word, don’t say anything. The demo automatically advances. You just decide if the letters form a word or not.

2. The word or nonword will appear here… …and then be covered by a masking pattern

3. Remember: Say “yes” if it’s a word, say nothing if it’s a nonword. Pay close attention and respond as quickly and accurately as you can. Ready?

4. FLAME

5. SMILE

6. TROFT

7. MOUTH

8. JUGDE

9. The items were: FLAME SMILE TROFT MOUTH JUGDE

10. Original word: JUDGE Transposed Replaced JUGDE JUBKE Transpositions form word (judge) Transpositions do not form word

11. Transposed Letter Effect Percent Correct JUGDE JUBKE JUDGE Many errors Highly accurate

12. What is This?

13. French Connection UK

14. TL Effects: Summary • The order of letters does matter; how we distinguish SALT from SLAT. • But some imprecision is tolerated • We don’t always have to be exact because of other properties of spelling. Orthographic redundancy. • JUGDE: what else could it be? • In the laboratory, conditions elicit errors • As also occur in real world