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Bell Ringer April 26

Learn about neutralization, pH, and the concentration of hydrogen in a solution. Discover how acids and bases interact, and the concept of oxidation numbers in compounds. Explore the applications of neutralization in everyday life.

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Bell Ringer April 26

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  1. Bell Ringer April 26 • What is the concentration of Hydrogen if we have a pH of 5.2? • What is the pH of .08 moles of NaOHin 1.5L of water?

  2. NEUTRALIZATION

  3. NEUTRALIZATION Addition of an acid or alkali (base) to a liquid to cause the pH of the liquid to move towards a neutral pH of 7.0.

  4. ACID Adds Hydrogen Ions H+ Hydrochloric Acid HCl H+ + Cl-

  5. BASE Adds Hydroxide Ions OH- Sodium Hydroxide NaOH OH- Na+ +

  6. ? acid + base water + salt + heat Acid+Base= H++OH- H2O H2O + energy + NaCl HCl + NaOH NEUTRAL

  7. Salts • The salt made depends on theacid and alkali used. • The salt contains the metal atom from the alkali, and the non-metal of the acid molecule. The salts of sulphuric acid are known as sulphates. The salts of hydrochloric acid are known as chlorides. The salts of nitric acid are known as nitrates.

  8. Applications of Neutralization • Insect Stings Bee stings are acidic and can be neutralized with baking soda (bicarbonate of soda). Wasp stings are alkaline and can be neutralized with vinegar. • Indigestion: Our stomach carries around hydrochloric acid. Too much of this leads to indigestion. To cure indigestion, you can neutralize the excess acid with baking soda or specialized indigestion tablets.

  9. Oxidation Numbers of Acids 1. The sum of the oxidation numbers in a neutral compound is zero 2. The oxidation number of simple ions is equal to the charge on the ion. The oxidation number of sodium in the Na+ ion is +1, for example, and the oxidation number of chlorine in the Cl- ion is -1. So NaCl is = +1-1 = 0 3. The oxidation number of hydrogen is +1 when it is combined with a nonmetal as in CH4, NH3, H2O, and HCl. 4. The metals in Group IA form compounds with an oxidation number of +1. 5. The elements in Group IIA form compounds with a +2 oxidation number. 6. Oxygen usually has an oxidation number of -2. 7. The elements in Group VIIA often have a -1 oxidation number.

  10. Examples HClH= +1, Cl= ? Total must be 0 HClO4H= +1, O= -2(4)= - 8 , Cl=? HI HBr HNO3

  11. Video

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