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Understanding Public Policy: The Decision-Making Process

Explore the intricacies of public policy, from problem recognition to decision-making models, shedding light on tradeoffs, unintended consequences, and social policy types. Learn about key actors and stages involved in shaping government decisions.

jchitwood
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Understanding Public Policy: The Decision-Making Process

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  1. The Public Policy Process

  2. Public Policy Simply, what government does (or decides not to do); When government takes actions or makes decisions (or doesn’t), it creates policy with two certain outcomes…

  3. Public Policy 1. Tradeoffs – all government decisions carries with it costs of one kind or another, just as it confers some benefit.

  4. Public Policy 2. Unintended Consequences – when results of a certain policy are not expected.

  5. Public Policy Types of Social Policy

  6. Public Policy 1. Development Policy – designed to enhance government’s economic position, strengthen the economy, and enlarge the tax base.

  7. Public Policy 2. Redistributive Policy – here, money is shifted, ideally from the better off to the less well-off (welfare). The most controversial.

  8. Public Policy 3. Allocation Policy – involves basic services that affect all taxpayers (police, fire, garbage, at local level; national defense at national level).

  9. Public Policy Stages in the Policy Process

  10. Public Policy Problem Recognition 1. Social Indicators a. poverty levels b. GDP/GNP c. crime rates d. employment statistics

  11. Public Policy 2. Events a. a building collapse b. the 9/11 attack

  12. Public Policy 3. Feedback a. how well some program is performing b. monitoring BART riders c. government reports

  13. Public Policy Actors in Problem Recognition

  14. Public Policy 1. Bureaucrats 2. The Public 3. Interest Groups 4. Elected Officials 5. Policy Entrepreneurs

  15. Public Policy Decision Making Models (4)

  16. 1. Rational Comprehensive (how model) This model assumes that rationality best describes how decisions are (or should be) made. Define Problem Specify Goals Enumerate Alternative Policies Policy Selection Implementation Evaluation Public Policy

  17. Public Policy 2. Incrementalism (how model) This model assumes that a policy continues what has been done before with modest adjustments.

  18. Public Policy 3. Elitism (who model) This model assumes that policy does not reflect the wishes of the mass of people, but instead is made by the elite to advance their own interests.

  19. Public Policy 4. Pluralism (who model) This model assumes that society is composed of many different groups and that the interaction of some of these groups in the political process shapes government decisions.

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