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What Law says ?

Definition of Death:. Medically and scientifically, death is not an event, it is a process. [ref. Simpson’s Forensic Medicine Twelfth Edition]. What Law says ?. Sec 46 IPC : The word "death" denotes the death of a human being unless the contrary appears from the context.

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What Law says ?

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  1. Definition of Death: Medically and scientifically, death is not an event, it is a process. [ref. Simpson’s Forensic Medicine Twelfth Edition] What Law says? Sec 46 IPC: The word "death" denotes the death of a human being unless the contrary appears from the context. Registration of birth and death Act Sec 2(b) : Defines death as permanent disappearance of all evidence of life at any time after live-birth has taken place.

  2. MANNER OF DEATH HOMICIDAL SUICIDAL ACCIDENTAL

  3. HANGING Death by suspending the body with a ligature round the neck, constricting force being the weight of the body.

  4. TYPES OF HANGING A) On degree of suspension: (i) Complete hanging(body fully suspended) (ii)Partial Hanging (not fully suspended)almost always suicidal B) On position of knot : (i) Typical handing (ii) Atypical handing

  5. MANNER OF DEATH IN HANGING Most informative: crime scene investigation (‘PO’ visit) DECIDES SUICIDAL/ACCIDENTAL/HOMICIDAL consider -violence/struggle signs -Clothing/apparels -bodily injury

  6. STRANGULATION Violent form of asphyxia resulting from constriction the neck by means of a ligature or by other means without suspending the body.

  7. A 21-year-old male. Sexual asphyxia. Placed towel between noose and skin.

  8. LIGATURE STRANGULATION

  9. SIGNS-LIGATURE STRANGULATION

  10. LIGATURE STRANGULATION • Oblique ligature mark like hanging? • Ligature mark obliterates in decomposition? • Nail scratch mark always indicate strangulation? • Multiple turn of ligature mark always indicate strangulation? • Strangulation- suicidal ? Accidental?

  11. PSEUDO STRANGULATION • Bodies of infants & children in cold storage • Short-necked people • Obese people • Decomposition in a tightly clothed body

  12. MANNUAL STRANGULATION

  13. MEDICOLEGAL ASPECTS – MANUAL STRANGULATION • Suicidal throttling Not possible? • Accidental throttling pressure at the carotid sinus bradycardia, & Hypotension • Homicidal throttling • Victims – infants, child or a woman • Healthy adults – only if intoxicated or stunned by a sudden attack • Most common mode of infanticide

  14. Suffocation Death from the exclusion of air from the lungs by means other than compression of the neck. TYPES: • Smothering • Choking • Pressure on the chest • Inhalation of irrespirable gases

  15. Drowning Types: • Wet Drowning • Dry Drowning • Secondary Drowning • Immersion Syndrome

  16. POST MORTEM APPEARENCES MOST DIFFICULT TO PROVE IF NOT EXAMINED FRESH • Fine white lathery froth or foam • Cadaveric spasm-weeds, vegetations • Cutis anserine or goose skin • Voluminous lung with rib indentation • Water/mud/sand in trachea

  17. CIRCUMSTANCES OF DROWNING • Died before falling into water? • Onset of disease while in water? • Injured first & thrown into water later? • Injured while in water? • Body found far away from place of drowning?

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