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Reconstructive Memory and Distortions

Explore the complexities of memory as a reconstructive process, including the phenomena of illusory memories and the effects on eyewitness testimony. Uncover the factors influencing memory encoding, retrieval, and the pitfalls of misremembering. Delve into recovered memories and the intricacies of false recollections.

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Reconstructive Memory and Distortions

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  1. Reconstructive Memory and Distortions PSY 421 – Fall 2004

  2. Overview • Memory as Reconstruction • Eyewitness Memory Effects • Illusory or False Memories • Recovered Memories

  3. Memory as Reconstruction • When we remember, we are often putting pieces of information together • Sometimes those pieces are accurately remembered, and sometimes not • Misremembering • Omission – failure to bring something to mind: transience, absentmindedness, blocking • Commission – remembering unwanted or inaccurate information: misattribution, suggestibility, bias, persistence

  4. Eyewitness Memory - Encoding • Factors that influence encoding • Perceptual – viewing conditions • Emotion and stress • Cross-racial identification – interaction between race of the observer and race of the observed • Unconscious Transference – familiarity effect (misattribution) • Misinformation Effect – misleading information presented after event is attributed to the event (misattribution, suggestibility, retroactive interference)

  5. Misinformation

  6. Eyewitness Memory - Retrieval • Factors that influence encoding • Lineups • Hypnosis • Cognitive Interview

  7. Illusory or False Memory

  8. Recovered Memories

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