Civil Society Engagement in International Humanitarian Assistance 社会组织参与国际人道主义援助

1. Civil Society Engagement in International Humanitarian Assistance社会组织参与国际人道主义援助 Presented by Shah Zahidur Rahman Shelter Specialist, Early Recovery Facility (ERF) Nafisa Shamim Rudmila Research Assistant – Disaster Management, CCER Cluster UNDP Bangladesh

2. Scopes视角 • Civil society engagement in international humanitarian assistance社会组织参与国际人道主义援助 • Civil Society Engagement in humanitarian assistance from Bangladesh’s context孟加拉社会组织参与国际人道主义援助

3. Civil society in Bangladesh孟加拉社会组织 • Civil society in Bangladesh may be well recognized for its contribution in development and social welfare. •  CSOs highly participate in grass-roots social services. The sector embraces entities as diverse as village associations, grass roots development organizations, agricultural extension services, self help cooperatives, religious institutions, schools, hospitals, human rights organizations and business and professional associations. • Tradition of charity, religious congregation, group feeling, and voluntary actions is centuries old.

4. 1. IASC, UN agencies, INGOs 2. Govt. to Govt. e.g. in-kind cash, military assets 3. ASEAN, SAARC, OIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP CONTEXT

5. Disaster related National resources in Bangladesh:孟加拉灾害管理相关的国家资源 • Huge human population ( Youth & labor force)人口 • Orientation & experience on natural disasters 熟悉自然灾害 • Positive & supportive cultural setting. 有利的文化环境 • Free & open mass media 自由开放的大众媒体 • Disaster management programs 灾害管理项目 • Democracy oriented political culture 民主政治环境 • Bangladeshi expatriates & foreign remittance 移民者和国外汇款

6. Socio-cultural resources in disasters:灾害管理方面的社会、文化资源 • Indigenous knowledge & capacity本土知识和能力 • Family, Kin, Neighbors & Friends家庭、亲戚、邻居、朋友 • Community & Colleagues 社区和大学 • Religion & Religiosity 宗教 • Volunteers & Socio-cultural organizations 志愿者和社会文化组织 • Local, National, Regional & international bodies 地方、国家、区域和国际组织

7. Role of CSO in Humanitarian Aspect in Bangladesh孟加拉社会组织在人道主义方面的角色 • CSOs role in relief and habilitation is probably the oldest and the most common one particularly in Bangladesh . Providing emergency services such as temporary shelter, food, etc. after disaster or conflict, community organization for rehabilitation are the most traditional forms of activities undertaken by CSOs. • CSOs bring five main strengths to relief and emergency work: early warning of disaster; advocacy for international aid; speedy response; cooperation with indigenous organizations; and, disaster preparedness.

8. HUMANITARIAN EFFECTIVENESS人道主义救援有效性 Who responds most effectively to the needs of affected communities?那个机构能最有效地满足受灾社区的需求？

9. Humanitarian Crises Level人道主义危机级别 MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP CONTEXT

10. Rana Plaza: The deadliest structural collapse in modern human history 拉纳广场倒塌事件：现代人类历史上伤亡人数最多的建筑物倒塌事件 24 April, 2013 at Savar Upazilla, Dhaka

11. Emergency/Immediate Response: CSO社会组织参与应急响应 Medical teams from different CSO’s were at the Rana Plaza collapse site working alongside the Bangladesh Army’s medical teams; Distribution of water to affected garment workers’ family members at the site Distribution of food to affected workers’ families Baby food for affected workers' children Attendant support to the affected disabled workers in hospitals; Offered primary psychosocial support to survivors and families of the missing and deceased at different hospital locations; A good number of braces were provided to survivors with spinal injuries; Compiled a database of affected families using data collected from NGO staffs, industrial police, Bangladesh Army, National Alliance for Risk Reduction and Response Initiatives. From a list of 1,693 people, need assessment surveys were carried out.

12. Lesson Learned from Rana Plaza拉纳广场事件的经验教训 Trainings need to be customized in order to make it easy for injured survivors and those suffering from mental distress attend The outcome of the livelihood interventions; i.e. time taken for new business to flourish, can be slow due to mental distress and physical injury At least four to six individual counselling sessions with professionals are required in order to address post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at minimum level Prosthetic limbs may not be acceptable to the amputated survivors given the rural setting that they live in. Low and continuously changing interest rates of fixed deposits may have negative impact on the survivors’ families financial well being Survivors medical complications may be beyond their injuries, psychosomatic or induced by reduced immunity. Addressing their health issues for project period may not be sufficient and is unethical

13. Lesson Learned Cont..经验教训 Continuous follow up is required for all support interventions within organization and across others in order to ensure quality rehabilitation Attachment with locally available public medical facilities and orient them about the specials needs of the injured survivors The incident was a learning opportunity and we should continue to develop our understanding and knowledge in managing such hazards/ disasters and reintegration process Coordination with other and relevant sectors and stakeholders is important in order to avoid duplication of support to affected persons and ensure that the support outreach is maximum Communication with public and media to update change in approaches of crisis management is important It is necessary to reform laws to meet the changing needs and challenges

14. Challenges挑战 • Despite the growing importance, civil society organizations in the developing world like Bangladesh remain only partially understood. • Even basic descriptive information about these institutions – their number, size, area of activity, sources of revenue and the policy framework within which they operate – is not available in any systematic way. • A comprehensive and representative understanding of the role and significance of the civil society sector continues to be a major gap in the literature, particularly in the context of developing countries like Bangladesh

15. New Approach to CSO社会组织新定位 Long recognized as providers of relief and promoter of human rights, such organizations are now increasingly viewed as critical contributors to economic growth and civic and social infrastructure essential for a minimum quality of life for the people. • These new approaches reflect the three roles of civil society: • as participants in the design of strategies, • as service providers through community organizations and national NGOs, and • as watchdogs to ensure government fulfillment of commitments.

16. TRANSFORMATION THROUGH INNOVATION创新转型 What innovations have the biggest potential to improve disaster response? 哪些创新可能对提升灾害相应有最大效果？

17. Transformation through Innovation: UNDP BangladeshUNDP孟加拉办公室通过创新进行转型 1. Post disaster damage assessment from Drone generated images • November 1, 通过2016 无人机图片进行灾后评估 2. Nationwide Earthquake Preparedness Campaign 全国防震宣传 • Youth Campaign for Earthquake Preparedness • Competition on earthquake preparedness app • Competition on campus based earthquake preparedness • 6-episodes radio documentary on earthquake knowledge, risks and preparedness. • Comprehensive earthquake preparedness publicity materials based on need assessment

18. A way forward -Role of Civil Society in Humanitarian Assistance展望：社会组织在人道主义救援中的角色 • Civil society has been widely recognized as an essential sector that has its strength for a positive influence on the state. Civil society can further contribute to : First, by policy analysis and advocacy to support a L3 level disaster response and recovery assistance ; Second, by regulation and monitoring of state performance and the action and behavior of public officials in the event of preparedness to reduce risk and vulnerability; Third, by building social capital and enabling citizens to identify and articulate their values, beliefs, civic norms and democratic practices;