The Importance of Being Earnest

1. The Importance of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)

2. The Importance of Being Earnest • Written in 1895 • A Comedy in 3 Acts • Is a satire • Immediate hit when first performed • Criticizes Victorian moral and social values • Bridges Victorian period/literature with Modern • Uses wit, puns, exaggeration, and wordplay to create humor

3. John Worthing, aka “Jack”, aka “Earnest” Algernon Montcrief, Jack’s friend Lane, the butler for Algernon Rev. Chausible, the preacher in the country Lady Bracknell, mother of Gwendolyn Gwendolyn, wants to marry a man named “Earnest” Cecily, Jack’s ward Miss Prism, Cecily’s governess Main Characters

4. Comedy of Manners • Witty Dialogue • Use of sarcasm or irony • Contrived situations • Critiques of society, especially marriage • Portrayals of class differences • Contrasts between urban and rural

5. Settings • Time: Around 1890 • Place(s): • London (“the City”) • Jack’s House in the Country (a very large estate) • The village church

6. Settings • Jack’s Country House

7. Settings • Jack’s Drawing Room

8. Settings • Lady Bracknell’s mansion in London

9. Victorian Period • Named for Queen Victoria of England • Was Queen from 1837-1901 • Followed the reign of “Mad” King George • The culture was very moral and serious • Women were expected to be the “angel in the house” - to take care of their husband and family

10. Queen Victoria • Became Queen as a young girl • Married Albert, Prince Consort and adored him • After he died, she wore black for the rest of her life • Had 9 children • Created a culture that valued family and stability

11. Victorian Period • Manners were supremely important • English society was divided into classes • The Upper-class was well-educated, came from a rich and respected family (“old money”), and having good manners mattered more than anything else • Considered bad manners to flaunt wealth

12. Victorian Period • Young women were always chaperoned until they were married • Women’s clothing covered them from neck to ankle; clothes had to be modest • In the upper classes, people with a bad reputation were outcasts no matter how much money they had • Good manners were extremely important

13. Victorian Fashion • For the Gentlemen

14. Victorian Fashion • For the Ladies

15. Victorian Period • People did not just “drop in” to visit - they made formal appointments • Refreshments were expected when visitors came to “call” (visit) - usually tea and cake or tiny, elegant cucumber sandwiches • Men were expected to be well-educated • Women were expected to marry well

16. Oscar Wilde - Author • Born in Ireland; lived in England and abroad • Attended Trinity College in Ireland and Oxford University in England • Very witty and funny • Believed in the value of “art for art’s sake” - art (literature) should not be concerned with political issues • Wrote several plays, but only one novel • Novel: The Picture of Dorian Gray

17. Oscar Wilde • With other writers and artists, rebelled against the prim, moral, religious culture of Victorian England • Was known to be wild, flamboyant, witty • Although homosexual, married and had children • Being homosexual was illegal, and he served time in prison for it

18. Oscar Wilde • Handsome • Loved clothes • Could be quite dramatic • Completely unique

19. Oscar Wilde • Came from upper-class family • Brilliant writer • Loved to shock people • “Bad Boy” of his time - The ‘Lil Wayne’ of his day (but well-educated)

20. Oscar Wilde • Never allowed to see his family again • Spent the remainder of his life in Paris • Died alone and poor in Paris

21. Literary Vocabulary • Comedy - light-hearted literature with humor and a happy ending • Satire - literary writing that makes fun of or criticizes the faults of people or groups. Purpose is to point out flaws • Wit - using words to be clever and funny with language • Pun - a play on words

22. Literary Vocabulary • Protagonist - the main character • Foil - the character who contrasts the main character (the foil “reflects” the traits of the main character) • Blocking figure - A character, often old and cranky, who interferes with the romantic desires or the other main characters and provides comic action

23. Literary Vocabulary • Motif - a recurring character or element repeated in a literary work. Food is a motif in The Importance of Being Earnest • Protagonist - the main character

24. The Importance of Being Earnest • Oscar Wilde created many amusing quotes

25. Oscar Wilde Quotes • “I always pass on good advice. It is the only thing to do with it. It is never of any use to oneself. “ • “I can resist everything except temptation. “

26. Oscar Wilde Quotes • “I never travel without my diary. One should always have something sensational to read in the train. “ • “To lose one parent may be regarded as a misfortune; to lose both looks like carelessness.”

27. The Importance of Being Earnest • Even though this play was written more than 100 years ago, it continues to be very popular • More than one movie has been made of this play, the most recent in the past 5-10 years

28. Importance of Being Earnest • The title of the play is a pun. • To be “earnest” means to be serious, and the main character (John/Jack) uses the name “Earnest” when he is in the city • “Bunburying” is using an alias to “get away with” avoiding social obligatioins

29. Themes • Nature of love and marriage • Societal conventions and restraints • Triviality vs. earnestness • Honest and deception • Respect and reputation • Social Classes • Gender

30. Importance of Being Earnest • What have you learned so far? • Know the characters, the setting, the plot • Know the basic facts about the author • Know the basic facts of Victorian England • Know the literary vocabulary required • Understand that this play is a comedy

31. Importance of Being Earnest • You have come to the end of the PowerPoint • You are ready to begin the play!