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The Great Depression: Causes, Conditions, and the New Deal Era

Explore the causes of the Great Depression, such as the Stock Market Crash of 1929 and bad banking practices, leading to unemployment, the Dust Bowl, and distrust in the banking system. Learn about the influence of laissez-faire politics and how Hoover and Roosevelt approached the depression. Discover FDR's New Deal campaign, its impact on the economy, and the controversial aspects of governmental intervention. Delve into the reforms, programs, and influence of the New Deal era, examining its positive and negative consequences on American society.

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The Great Depression: Causes, Conditions, and the New Deal Era

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  1. The Dirty Thirties Crash and Depression

  2. Causes of the Great Depression • 1. The Stock Market Crash of 1929: • mainly impacted businesses and wealthy individuals

  3. Causes of the Great Depression • 2. The overuse of credit throughout the 20s

  4. Causes of the Great Depression • 3. Agricultural Crisis

  5. Causes of the Great Depression • 4. Bad Banking Practices https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iPkJH6BT7dM

  6. Causes of the Great Depression • 5. A global depression

  7. Causes of the Great Depression • 6. Laissez Faire politics throughout the 1920s

  8. Conditions of the Great Depression • 1. Unemployment

  9. Conditions of the Great Depression • 2. The Dust Bowl

  10. Conditions of the Great Depression • 3. Distrust of the banking system

  11. Conditions of the Great Depression • 4. Small government is replaced with big government

  12. Election of 1932 • Approach to the Great Depression: • Hoover believed that depression relief should come from state and local governments and private agencies • Roosevelt believed that the depression required strong action and leadership by the federal government. “This campaign is more than a contest between two men… it is a contest between two philosophies of government.” -Hoover

  13. FDR and the New Deal • In 1932 Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected President defeating Hoover by a landslide • FDR was elected primarily for his “New Deal” campaign which promised more government programs and direct help for the people to solve the problems of the Great Depression. • “The country needs, and, unless I mistake its temper, the country demands, bold, persistent experimentation. It is common sense to take a method and to try it. If it fails, admit it frankly and try another. But above all, try something! - FDR May 22nd 1932 • When FDR was elected, he brought optimism and hope to a fearful nation. • Fireside Chats: radio speeches that were given to encourage and appeal to the average American

  14. The New Deal Begins • During his first Hundred Days, Roosevelt… • Created the “brain trust”-a group of diverse advisors- to help him plan the New Deal • Focused on fixing the banking industry by declaring a “bank holiday” • Proposed and Congress passed 15 major bills • These measures had 3 goals: • 1. Relief for those suffering the effects of the depression • 2. Recovery of the depressed economy • 3. Reforms that would help prevent serious economic crises in the future

  15. New Deal Programs • There were two phases of the New Deal, each had programs that: • Reformed the financial system • Ex. FDIC, Emergency Banking Act, SEC • Reformed Agriculture • Ex. AAA • Reformed industry • Fair Labor Standards Act, CIO • Sought to employ people and support business • WPA, NRA, CCC, TVA • Offered relief • Social Security Act, FERA

  16. Impact of the New Deal • Positive: • Business profits and farm prices were up • Unemployment went down • Restoration of people’s faith and confidence in America • Positive reforms to prevent future economic crashes • Negative: • The US is still left in a depression • Costly, led to serious government debt • Beginning of the “welfare state”: people relying on the government • Was discriminatory against minorities

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