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Explore the evolution of manufacturing systems, major components, and processes with a focus on inputs and outputs. Learn about transformation and managerial technologies that drive efficient production, and assess risks and benefits in shaping the world through manufacturing developments.
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2 Manufacturing Systems
Objectives Describe how manufacturing has evolved. List the major components of a manufacturing system. Identify manufacturing inputs. Describe manufacturing processes. Identify manufacturing outputs.
Evolution of Manufacturing • Usufacturing • Manufacturing • Factories • Industrialized society • Mentafacturing
Major Components of the Manufacturing System Inputs Processes Outputs
Manufacturing Inputs Human labor Information Capital (machines and equipment) Energy Materials Finances
Form Utility (US Steel, American Iron and Steel Institute, White Consolidated Industries)
Manufacturing Processes New material form People Transformation technology Material processing technology Managerial technology
Transformation Technology • Raw materials • Primary processing • Standard stock • Industrial materials • Secondary processing (Georgia Pacific Corp., California Redwood Assoc.)
Managerial Technology Design, build, operate, and manage systems Set goals Select courses of action Obtain and assign resources Monitor operations Evaluate outputs
Five Basic Areas of Activities Research and development Production Marketing Financial affairs Industrial relations
Human Outputs Desired Undesired
Effects of Developments in Manufacturing Shapes the world Produces risks and benefits Requires assessment
Assessing Risks and Benefits Assessment of beliefs and values Alternate solutions: pro and con Rational decisions
Rational Decisions Discovering Exploring Developing Predicting
Review Question Define manufacturing. The process of changing resources into more useful products.
Review Question What is an industrialized society? One in which people use machines to manufacture large quantities of products from materials.
Review Question True or False? Mentafacturing, or “making for use,” is the earliest form of manufacturing. False
Review Question What are the three components of the manufacturing system? Inputs, processes, outputs.
Review Questions Human labor, capital, energy, materials and finances are examples of _____. A. outputs B. form utilities C. inputs D. processes C. inputs
Review Question Define transformation technology. The appropriate use of tools, machines, and systems to convert materials into products.
Review Question List the four areas of managerial technology. Research and development, marketing, financial affairs, industrial relations.
Review Question True or False? Pollution is an undesired process of the manufacturing system. False
Review Question The first step in transforming raw materials into products is _____ processing. A. resource B. standard C. usufacturing D. primary D. primary
Glossary • Factories • special buildings where people use machines to manufacture products. • Financial affairs • the area of managerial technology concerned with raising money and maintaining financial records. • Form utility • changing the form of a material to make it more useful.
Glossary • Industrialized society • one in which people use machines to manufacture large quantities of products from materials. • Industrial materials • materials ready for secondary processing into manufactured products. • Industrial relations • the area of managerial technology concerned with the human aspects of the manufacturing enterprise, such as personnel and labor relations.
Glossary • Managerial technology • the use of systems and procedures to ensure that transformation actions are efficient and appropriate. • Manufacturing • the process of changing resources into more useful products.
Glossary • Marketing • the area of managerial technology concerned with moving a product from the manufacturer to the customer by means of advertising and selling activities. • Material processing technology • another way of describing transformation technology. • Mentafacturing • products are first made in the mind. This has been called “making in the human mind.”
Glossary • Primary processing • the first step in transforming raw materials into products. Example: Converting trees into lumber at a sawmill. • Raw materials • natural resources found on or in the earth or seas. Manufacturing starts with raw materials. • Research and development • the area of managerial technology concerned with designing and specifying products.
Glossary • Secondary processing • manufacturing methods that change standard stock into finished products. • Standard stock • material output by primary processing operations, available in standard size units or standard formulations.
Glossary • Transformation technology • the appropriate use of tools, machines, and systems to convert materials into products. • Usufacturing • making products for personal use.