1 / 24

Lipids

Learn about the structurally diverse class of bioorganic compounds known as lipids, including fats, oils, waxes, cholesterol, vitamins, and prostaglandins. Explore their characteristics, classification, and the importance of essential fatty acids. Presented by Dr. Seemal Jelani in Chem-160.

jdoering
Download Presentation

Lipids

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Bioorganic Lipids Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

  2. Introduction • Structurally heterogeneous class of bioorganic compounds include diverse types of molecules as • Fats and oils • Waxes • Cholesterol and its derivatives • Some vitamins • Prostagladins • All of them have limited solubility in water Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

  3. Characteristics of Lipids • Large class of water-insoluble bioorganic compounds • In humans and many animals excess carbohydrates and other energy-yielding foods are converted to, and stored in the body as lipids known as fats • This is a major way of storing chemical energy and carbon atoms in the body Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

  4. Fats and other lipids surround and insulate vital body organs, providing protection from mechanical shock and helping to maintain correct body temperature • Lipids function as covering for nerve fibres • Basic structural components of all cell membranes • Many chemical messengers in the human body “ hormones” are lipids Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

  5. Classification By structure: • Simple: fats, oils, waxes, steroids. • Complex: phospholipids, spingolipids, glycolipids. • The derivatives: hormones, fat-soluble vitamins On the basis of whether they undergo hydrolysis reactions in alkaline solution: • Saponifiable lipidscan be hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions to yield salts of fatty acids. • Nonsaponifiable lipids do not undergo hydrolysis reactions in alkaline solution. Dr Seemal Jelani

  6. Lipids at a Glance Lipids Saponifiable lipids Can be hydrolysed under alkaline conditions Nonsaponifiable Lipids Glycerol esters Hydrolysis products Non Glycerol esters Not a Hydrolysis products Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

  7. Triacylglycerols Fats and Oils Waxes Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

  8. Phosphoacylglycerols Sphingolipids Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

  9. Nonsaponifiable Lipids Steroids Fat Soluble vitamins Eicosanoids Terpenes Pheromones Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

  10. Fats can be divided according to their chemical composition to: Simple lipids: • These compounds are: esters of fatty acids with glycerol. • The triacylglycerol (TAG) is the simplest and most common fat. It is the form in which lipids are stored in the cell.

  11. Saturated fatty acid Hexadecanoic acid (Palmitic acid) Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

  12. Monounsaturated fatty acids Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

  13. Trans Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

  14. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

  15. Polyunsaturated fatty acidsOmega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty acids • Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty acids important in human body chemistry • Classification The basis for the omega classification system involves the following considerations • A fatty acid has two ends Methyl (CH3) end Carboxyl (COOH) end Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

  16. O CH3-(CH2)4-(CH=CH-CH2)4-(CH2)2-C OH Methyl end Carboxyl end Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

  17. Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty acids Omega-3 • Polyunsaturated fatty acid with its endmost double bond three carbons away from its methyl end • Omega-6 Fatty acids Polyunsaturated fatty acid with its endmost double bond six carbons away from its methyl end Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

  18. Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

  19. Essential Fatty acids • Needed by the human body and must be obtained from dietary sources because they cannot be synthesized within the body from other substances • Essential fatty acids: • 1 Linoleic acid • 2 Linolenic acid Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

  20. Linoleic acid and Linolenic acid • Both are 18-carbon polyunsaturated acids • Linoleic acid is an omega-6 acid • Linolenic acid is an omega-3 acid Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

  21. Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

  22. Both contribute to proper membrane structure Deficiency of Linoleic acid • Skin reddens and become irritated, infection and dehydration occur and liver may develop abnormalities and conditions will reverse on the restoration of the fatty acid Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

  23. Both of these are starting points for the synthesis of a variety of other longer-chain polyunsaturated acids which are: • EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid) • DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid) • Arachidonic acid major precursor of eicosanoids (substances that help regulate blood pressure) Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

  24. EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid) • DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid) Both of them are important constitutes of the communication membranes of the brain and its normal development, and also active in the retina of the eye Sources: • Vegetable oils, meat and fish live in deep cold water are good source of linoleic acid and other omega-6 acids Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

More Related