PowerPoint Presentation

1. PowerPointPresentation PublisherThe Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.Tinley Park, Illinois 1

2. Chapter 5 Introduction to Computer-Aided Drafting and Design 2

3. Chapter 5 Overview • What Is CADD? • Why Use CADD? • Architectural CADD Applications • CADD Workstation • Selecting a CADD Package • General purpose CADD packages. • AEC CADD packages. 3

4. Learning Objectives • Explain computer-aided drafting and design. • Identify common applications for CADD in architecture. • List the components of a typical CADD workstation. • Identify features of CADD software and how they should be evaluated. • Explain the advantages of AEC-specific CADD software. 4

5. What is CADD? • CADD is an acronym for computer-aided drafting and design. • CADD is a tool to make drawings. • A CADD drafter using the appropriate software can: • Plan a part, structure, or product. • Modify a design without having to redraw. • Call up symbols or base drawings . • Duplicate forms and shapes. (continued) 5

6. What is CADD? • Produce schedules and analyses. • Produce hard copies of complete drawings. • All types of drawings can be produced with CADD. • The computer can range from an off-the-shelf PC to a networked mainframe. • Software is the instructions that makes the hardware perform intended tasks. 6 (continued)

7. What is CADD? • Initially, CAD referred to computer-aided drafting, but now includes design, too. • CADD is larger in scope than CAD and includes design, analyses, and drafting. • CADD is used for all applications throughout the text. 7

8. CADD Drawing 8 (Autodesk, Inc.)

9. CADD Drawing 9 (Sater Design Collection, Inc.)

10. CADD Drawing 10 (Helmuth A. Geiser, Member AIBD )

11. Why Use CADD? • There are many reasons to use CADD: • CADD saves time and money. • CADD provides easy revisions and copies. • Some CADD packages automatically update schedules. 11

12. CADD Increases Productivity • CADD provides for better and faster communication. • CADD produces higher-quality work. • Changes are easy to make with CADD. • CADD symbols libraries reduce work. • Time is saved when drawing repetitive features. 12

13. CADD Symbols Library • These tree symbols are stored in a symbols library. Any of these symbols can be quickly inserted into a plot plan CADD drawing, repeatedly if needed. 13 (Prime Computer, Inc. )

14. Detail Used as a Symbol • This complex window framing detail can be inserted into any drawing as required. The time saved is enormous. 14

15. CADD Increases Flexibility • Flexibility is one advantage of using a CADD system to generate drawings. • A drawing may be: • Plotted at any scale. • Plotted in several colors. • Developed in sequential steps. • Presented on a variety of media. • CADD can also share data with others. 15

16. CADD Encourages Uniformity • CADD drawings possess a high degree of uniformity. • CADD symbols are reproduced exactly the same every time. • The designer must have a solid background in the fundamentals to create meaningful drawings. 16

17. CADD Encourages Uniformity • Poor line quality is not an issue. • Smudged lines or sloppy lettering are not problems with CADD-generated drawings. • There is no degradation in quality from repeated duplication, as is the case with hand-created drawings. 17

18. Repetitive Use of Symbols 18

19. Consistent Line Quality 19 (Original drawing courtesy of Autodesk, Inc. )

20. Scale in CADD Drawing • CADD is not confused by the use of several scales. • Using several scales is a source of errors in manual drafting. • Objects are drawn at their true size in CADD. • Drawings may be plotted at any scale. • There is less chance of errors with CADD. 20

21. Architectural CADD Applications • There are obvious applications for CADD in architecture: • Construction drawings: floor plans, foundation plans, elevations, details, etc. • Schedule automation. • Renderings. • Animations. 21

22. CADD Schedule Automation • Window, door, and plumbing fixture schedules, etc., can be produced. • Automatic update is available when an attribute is changed. 22

23. CADD Renderings • Renderings are used to show the product to clients or for publication. • Computerized renderingsare possibleusing CADD. • Mid-range to high-end CADD systems are generally needed to produce CADD renderings. 23

24. CADD Animation • Animation is similar to cartoons. • Can show movement of doors and windows, lighting, and materials. • Animation can show a representation of the completed structure. • Mid-range to high-end CADD systems are required for animation. 24

25. Animation Application • This interior room is being shown with animated sunlight. 25 (Eric K. Augspurger)

26. CADD Workstation • A CADD workstation consists of a computer or processor, monitor, graphics adapter, input device, and hardcopy device. • Common PCs can run CADD programs. • Stand-alone systems can be connected in a network. • Information sharing is possible. • Computing power is in each machine. (continued) 26

27. CADD Workstation • Some CADD programs are designed to run on a type of computer called a miniframe or mainframe. • These machines are generally connected to terminals (networked). • Computing is performed in the mainframe. • A miniframe system functions like a mainframe, but is usually smaller. 27

28. CADD Workstation 28

29. Computer Components • Central Processing Unit(CPU) • Processor, RAM, input/output interfaces. • Output Devices • Monitor. • Hard copy output device (printer or plotter). • Input Devices • Keyboard: most common command input device. • Mouse or digitizer puck. 29

30. Computer Storage Devices • Purpose: save data for future use. • Types of storage devices: • Hard drives. • Floppy drives. • CD-R/CD-RW drives. • Tape drives. • Zip drives. • Optical drives. 30

31. CADD Display Types • The display device is typically referred to as the monitor or “screen.” • Most monitors are cathode ray tubes. • Another type is a liquid crystal display. • Monitors are measured diagonally; choose a 21" or larger monitor. • Thevideo cardtransmits data from the CPU to the monitor. 31

32. CADD Input Devices • An input device is a way to provide the computer with information. • The most common input device is the keyboard. • Mouse is second most common device • Variations of input devices include trackball, digitizer puck, and light pens. 32

33. CADD Input Devices • Puck and stylus. 33 (Kurta )

34. CADD Output Devices • The monitor is the most common output device. • There are several ways to produce a hard copy. • Hard copy devices include: • Pen plotters: Plot vectors, slow, good copy. • Laser printers/plotter: Produce raster image, fast, generally print black only. (continued) 34

35. CADD Output Devices • Inkjet printers and inkjet plotters: Produce raster image, fast, print color. • Inkjet printers produce small-size prints. • Inkjet plotters produce up to E-size plots. • Each output device has advantages and disadvantages, be sure of your needs before purchasing an output device. 35

36. Selecting a CADD Package • There is a wide variety of CADD programs on the market, ranging from very basic to fully 3D-capable programs. • You must first know what you want to accomplish with the software. • 2D (low end) versus 3D (high end). • The answers to these questions may help you make the right decision: • How easy is the program to use? 36 (continued)

37. Selecting a CADD Package • What are the hardware requirements of the package? • Does the program require special hardware? • How well does the package meet your needs? • What kind of warranty does it provide? • What are specific features of the software? • How much does it cost? 37

38. CADD Program Categories • CADD programs are separated into two broad groups: • General purpose CADD packages: Designed for typical mechanical and general drawing. • AEC-specific CADD packages: Contain additional functions for the architect or construction technologist. 38

39. General Purpose CADD Packages • General purpose CADD packages are available to meet a wide range of needs. • The following items are main features of most general purpose CADD packages. • Objects • The basic elements to create drawings. • Lines, points, circles, etc. • Other objects such as polylines, fillets, or chamfers may be available. (continued) 39

40. General Purpose CADD Packages • Dimensions • Dimensioning a drawing properly is one of the fundamentals of drafting. • Most packages provide for automatic dimensioning. (continued) 40

41. General Purpose CADD Packages • This CADD program allows you to choose from a variety of hatch patterns. (continued) 41

42. General Purpose CADD Packages • Hatch Patterns • Hatching is an important feature of any drawing requiring a section view. • It is also used to represent exterior materials on elevations. • The more patterns included, the better. • Text • The ability to place text on a drawing is very important. (continued) 42

43. General Purpose CADD Packages • The software should have good text support. • Lettering style is very important and should accept an architectural font. • Editing • The ability to edit a drawing is one of the most important aspects of CADD. • Editing includes copying, erasing, moving, scaling, rotating, trimming, etc. (continued) 43

44. General Purpose CADD Packages • Layers, Colors, and Linetypes • Layers are similar to transparent drawing sheets on which you can draw. • This feature is especially useful in creating drawings that must relate to each other. • Object display color aids in communication. • Linetypes help give a drawing definition. (continued) 44

45. General Purpose CADD Packages • The ability to choose from an unlimited number of display colors is a big advantage of high-end CADD programs. (continued) 45

46. General Purpose CADD Packages • Coordinate and Command Entry • The ability to tell the software where to place objects is necessary. • These instructions are called commands and can be entered from a pull-down menu, screen menu, etc. • Drawing Units • Most CADD programs support different units of measure. (continued) 46

47. General Purpose CADD Packages • Commonly supported units include architectural, engineering, scientific, and decimal. • Angular units are also needed. • Display Controls • Most drawings are much larger than the computer screen. • The functions that allow you to change the magnification factor are called display controls. (continued) 47

48. General Purpose CADD Packages • You will need a variety of display controls. • Drawing Aids • Drawing aids help you locate position on screen and on existing objects. • Common drawing aids include display grid, grid snap, object snap, etc. • Printing or Plotting • Nearly all CADD programs provide a printing or plotting function. (continued) 48

49. General Purpose CADD Packages • Printing is creates a hard copy of the drawing. • Program Customization • This includes displaying and hiding toolbars, modifying menus, or writing macros. • Experienced CADD users will use these tools. (continued) 49

50. General Purpose CADD Packages • 3D Capability • Three-dimensional modeling is an advanced capability of some CADD programs. • 3D modeling creates a “virtual” object in the computer that can be colored, rotated, and often animated. • There are two basic types of 3D models: surface and solid models. (continued) 50