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Vaccines, Allergies and HIV/AIDS

Learn about T-cells, B-cells, and their involvement in the cell-mediated and humoral specific immune responses. Explore the concepts of vaccines, allergies, and HIV/AIDS.

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Vaccines, Allergies and HIV/AIDS

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  1. Warm-up 5/20: Why are the white blood cells called T-cell & B-cells? Which cells are involved in the cell mediated specific immune response? Which cells are involved in the humoral specific immune response? Vaccines, Allergies and HIV/AIDS

  2. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY IMMUNE RESPONSE • primary: 1st time body encounters pathogens • secondary: 2nd time body encounters pathogen with memory cells (leftover B-cells and T-cells) • p 966

  3. Memory Cells • Some B-cells become memory cells (Body’s long term defense system) • When exposed to a pathogen a 2nd time memory cells immediately recognize and destroy it before it causes illness.

  4. Vaccines • Immunity: ability to resist an infectious disease • Vaccination: introduction of antigens into body to cause immunity

  5. Vaccines • Vaccine: solution of dead or weakened pathogens that contains pathogens • Antigens in vaccine produce a primary immune response • Memory cells are created & provide quick secondary immune response if antigen enters body again. Some Diseases that have been controlled through vaccines: polio, measles, mumps, tetanus, and small pox

  6. Allergies • Allergies & Autoimmune diseases are the result of an immune system attacking something harmless. • Allergy – immune response to an antigen that is not a pathogen • Include physical responses (itching, swelling, sneezing, & death if severe) • Asthma – respiratory disorder triggered by antigens, swelling of the respiratory pathways • AutoimmuneDisease – the immune system attacks one’s own healthy cells

  7. pp. 970-972 HIV and AIDS

  8. DEFINITIONS • HIV: human immunodeficiency virus: Virus • AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome): Disease weakened immune system caused by the infection of HIV HIV ≠ AIDS

  9. HIV • caused by a retrovirus 1. has enzymes to transcribe its RNA to DNA 2. new DNA inserted into host cell’s DNA 3. host cell now makes proteins to assemble more HIV viruses

  10. Infects helper T-cells and macrophages (CD4 protein receptor cells) Why is this so bad?

  11. Transmission: through fluid containing the virus or cells with the virus (blood, sexually, breast-feeding)

  12. AIDS p.972

  13. Course of the disease: AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) Phase I: (asymptomatic) few or no symptoms Phase II: worsening of symptoms Phase III: T-cell count goes below 200 cells/mL (normal 600-700)

  14. Opportunistic infections: diseases that only strike because of a weakened immune system EX. Kaposi’s sarcoma, candidiasis, taxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, pneumonia

  15. Treatments and vaccines A. mutates and evolves very quickly which makes it difficult to make a vaccine B. treatment consists of “cocktails” with some patients taking up to 50 pills a day (very expensive!)

  16. HW • Due Wednesday Non-Specific Immune Response Poster • Due Thursday: Pathway of immune response. Colored cut out and reordered in notebook. • Study Guide Due Thursday • Exam Friday • Intervention Wednesday & Thursday After School

  17. Tracing Immune Pathway:Cut out, Colored and Ordered

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