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EXAM FORMAT. Definitions Define the termWhy it's important in aquatic scienceShort answer and multiple choiceShort essayExpect to interpret some graphs!Question points allocated pretty evenly according to lecture time; some integrative questions. TOPICS COVERED. IntroductionLake diversityHi
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1. EXAM STUDYING RESOURCES Links on website (http://www.esf.edu/efb/schulz/Limnology/Limnology3.htm)
Gives all note outlines
All powerpoint files can be viewed (from on-campus cww site)
Problem set and practice question answers (from anywhere)
Extra office hours:
Me –Thursday 11:00AM-noon
Email: kschulz@syr.edu
One suggestion: review lecture notes and chapter summaries; then read sections that you think you need more help understanding
2. EXAM FORMAT Definitions
Define the term
Why it’s important in aquatic science
Short answer and multiple choice
Short essay
Expect to interpret some graphs!
Question points allocated pretty evenly according to lecture time; some integrative questions
3. TOPICS COVERED Introduction
Lake diversity
History – you don’t need to know names
Origin of Lakes
Lake types and their shapes
Effects on lake properties
Lake Morphology and Morphometry
Be able to interpret meanings of lake morphometric parameters
Lake zonation terms
4. TOPICS COVERED Hydrologic Cycle
Stream hydrographs
Water balance
Light in water
Factors affecting light quality and quantity in water
Factors affecting attenuation of light in water
Thermal Stratification
5. TOPICS COVERED Water movements
No equations necessary, but understand the mixing patterns and parameters discussed
Origin of dissolved substances
What are the common dissolved ions?
How do they get in lakes?
Dissolved gases -- oxygen
Inorganic Carbon, alkalinity and pH
6. Dissolved Inorganic Carbonas a function of pH
7. TOPICS COVERED Bacteria and biogeochemistry
Role of bacteria in lakes (microbial loop)
Factors controlling bacterial numbers
Redox reactions
What is redox?
Energy gain by bacteria controls the reactions
8. Oxidation of organic matter
9. TOPICS COVERED Phosphorus cycling
Nitrogen cycling
N versus P limitation
Integration of nutrient cycling
Temperature
Oxygen
Inorganic carbon, pH and alkalinity
Phosphorus
Iron
Redox reactions
10. The Review Game If you want to play, pick up one A,B,C, and D at the back of class (these are not grades!)
Move to the one of the first 6 rows and stand up
Multiple choice questions – hold up your answer choice; sit down if you are incorrect
Last 4 left standing will win prizes
11. If a lake contained all of the following layers of water, which would be at the bottom of the lake? Cold, low salinity water
Cold, high salinity water
Warm, low salinity water
Warm, high salinity water
12. If a lake contained all of the following layers of water, which would be at the bottom of the lake? Cold, low salinity water
Cold, high salinity water
Warm, low salinity water
Warm, high salinity water
13. Which nutrient is most often limiting to phytoplankton growth in freshwater lakes? Silica (SiO2)
Nitrogen (N)
Iron (Fe)
Phosphorus (P)
14. Which nutrient is most often limiting in freshwater lakes? Silica (SiO2)
Nitrogen (N)
Iron (Fe)
Phosphorus (P)
15. You would expect humid tropical areas to be: Exorheic regions
Endorheic regions
Arheic regions
Arctic regions
16. You would expect humid tropical areas to be: Exorheic regions
Endorheic regions
Arheic regions
Arctic regions
17. Which type of lake is not formed by ice or glaciers? Fjord
Cirque
Maar
Kettle
18. Which type of lake is not formed by ice or glaciers? Fjord
Cirque
Maar
Kettle
19. You know that 4 lakes with different origins have the same phosphorus loading per m2. Which is most likely to be eutrophic? Deflation basin
Graben
Caldera
Fjord
20. You know that 4 lakes with different origins have the same phosphorus loading per m2. Which is most likely to be eutrophic? Deflation basin
Graben
Caldera
Fjord
21. The water circulation pattern that causes wind rows on a lake is called: Coriolus effect
Convection circulation
Langmuir circulation
Kelvin circulation
22. The water circulation pattern that causes wind rows on a lake is called: Coriolus effect
Convection circulation
Langmuir circulation
Kelvin circulation
23. What is the term for microscopic organisms that live at the water’s surface? Psammon
Pleuston
Neuston
Meroplankton
24. What is the term for microscopic organisms that live at the water’s surface? Psammon
Pleuston
Neuston
Meroplankton
25. Oxygen should be most concentrated in The warm epilimnion of a eutrophic lake at night
The warm epilimnion of an oligotrophic lake at night
The cold hypolimnion of a eutrophic lake
The cold hypolimnion of an oligotrophic lake
26. Oxygen should be most concentrated in The warm epilimnion of a eutrophic lake at night
The warm epilimnion of an oligotrophic lake at night
The cold hypolimnion of a eutrophic lake
The cold hypolimnion of an oligotrophic lake
27. Photosynthesis Increases CO2 and decreases pH
Increases CO2 and increases pH
Decreases CO2 and decreases pH
Decreases CO2 and increases pH
28. Photosynthesis Increases CO2 and decreases pH
Increases CO2 and increases pH
Decreases CO2 and decreases pH
Decreases CO2 and increases pH
29. Phosphorus Is a dynamic ion
Has many valence states
Is abundant in oligotrophic lakes
Has a common gaseous state
30. Phosphorus Is a dynamic ion
Has many valence states
Is abundant in oligotrophic lakes
Has a common gaseous state
31. Which of the following is most important in redistributing heat in lakes? Laminar flow
Internal seiches
Convection
Surface waves
32. Which of the following is most important in redistributing heat in lakes? Laminar flow
Internal seiches
Convection
Surface waves
33. What color light would travel farthest in a very oligotrophic lake? Red
Blue
Yellow
Green
34. What color light would travel farthest in a very oligotrophic lake? Red
Blue
Yellow
Green
35. A pycnocline can result from differences in between water layers: Water temperature
Water salinity
Water carbonate concentrations
All of the above
36. A pycnocline can result from differences in between water layers: Water temperature
Water salinity
Water carbonate concentrations
All of the above
37. Whole lake stability Is low when Richardson’s number is low
Is low during summer stratification in the temperate zone
Is low in meromictic lakes
Is low when there is a big density difference between the epilimnion and hypolimnion
38. Whole lake stability Is low when Richardson’s number is low
Is low during summer stratification in the temperate zone
Is low in meromictic lakes
Is low when there is a big density difference between the epilimnion and hypolimnion
39. If there is clearcutting in the watershed around a stream, you would expect the stream’s hydrograph to show: Lower peak flows after storms
Higher basal flow
Shorter periods of high discharge after storms
Increased light in the river
40. If there is clearcutting in the watershed around a stream, you would expect the stream’s hydrograph to show: Lower peak flows after storms
Higher basal flow
Shorter periods of high discharge after storms
Increased light in the river
41. Effects of Land Use Clear cutting
Shorter time to peak
Higher peak
Shorter period of high discharge
Lower basal flow (change in groundwater infiltration)
42. In oxygenated waters: Most Iron is in the form of Fe3+ and the iron trap does operate
Most Iron is in the form of Fe3+ and the iron trap does not operate
Most Iron is in the form of Fe2+ and the iron trap does operate
Most Iron is in the form of Fe2+ and the iron trap does not operate
43. In oxygenated waters: Most Iron is in the form of Fe3+ and the iron trap does operate
Most Iron is in the form of Fe3+ and the iron trap does not operate
Most Iron is in the form of Fe2+ and the iron trap does operate
Most Iron is in the form of Fe2+ and the iron trap does not operate
44. Light penetration is lowest in the: Littoral zone
Trophogenic zone
Profundal zone
Euphotic zone
45. Light penetration is lowest in the: Littoral zone
Trophogenic zone
Profundal zone
Euphotic zone
46. Which of the following is a trace element and does not form a major cation in freshwaters? Co
Ca
Na
K
47. Which of the following is a trace element and does not form a major cation in freshwaters? Co
Ca
Na
K
48. Which of the following reactions increases alkalinity in a closed system? Sulfate reduction
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Iron oxidation
49. Which of the following reactions increases alkalinity in a closed system? Sulfate reduction
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Iron oxidation