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EXAM STUDYING RESOURCES

EXAM FORMAT. Definitions Define the termWhy it's important in aquatic scienceShort answer and multiple choiceShort essayExpect to interpret some graphs!Question points allocated pretty evenly according to lecture time; some integrative questions. TOPICS COVERED. IntroductionLake diversityHi

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EXAM STUDYING RESOURCES

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    1. EXAM STUDYING RESOURCES Links on website (http://www.esf.edu/efb/schulz/Limnology/Limnology3.htm) Gives all note outlines All powerpoint files can be viewed (from on-campus cww site) Problem set and practice question answers (from anywhere) Extra office hours: Me –Thursday 11:00AM-noon Email: kschulz@syr.edu One suggestion: review lecture notes and chapter summaries; then read sections that you think you need more help understanding

    2. EXAM FORMAT Definitions Define the term Why it’s important in aquatic science Short answer and multiple choice Short essay Expect to interpret some graphs! Question points allocated pretty evenly according to lecture time; some integrative questions

    3. TOPICS COVERED Introduction Lake diversity History – you don’t need to know names Origin of Lakes Lake types and their shapes Effects on lake properties Lake Morphology and Morphometry Be able to interpret meanings of lake morphometric parameters Lake zonation terms

    4. TOPICS COVERED Hydrologic Cycle Stream hydrographs Water balance Light in water Factors affecting light quality and quantity in water Factors affecting attenuation of light in water Thermal Stratification

    5. TOPICS COVERED Water movements No equations necessary, but understand the mixing patterns and parameters discussed Origin of dissolved substances What are the common dissolved ions? How do they get in lakes? Dissolved gases -- oxygen Inorganic Carbon, alkalinity and pH

    6. Dissolved Inorganic Carbon as a function of pH

    7. TOPICS COVERED Bacteria and biogeochemistry Role of bacteria in lakes (microbial loop) Factors controlling bacterial numbers Redox reactions What is redox? Energy gain by bacteria controls the reactions

    8. Oxidation of organic matter

    9. TOPICS COVERED Phosphorus cycling Nitrogen cycling N versus P limitation Integration of nutrient cycling Temperature Oxygen Inorganic carbon, pH and alkalinity Phosphorus Iron Redox reactions

    10. The Review Game If you want to play, pick up one A,B,C, and D at the back of class (these are not grades!) Move to the one of the first 6 rows and stand up Multiple choice questions – hold up your answer choice; sit down if you are incorrect Last 4 left standing will win prizes

    11. If a lake contained all of the following layers of water, which would be at the bottom of the lake? Cold, low salinity water Cold, high salinity water Warm, low salinity water Warm, high salinity water

    12. If a lake contained all of the following layers of water, which would be at the bottom of the lake? Cold, low salinity water Cold, high salinity water Warm, low salinity water Warm, high salinity water

    13. Which nutrient is most often limiting to phytoplankton growth in freshwater lakes? Silica (SiO2) Nitrogen (N) Iron (Fe) Phosphorus (P)

    14. Which nutrient is most often limiting in freshwater lakes? Silica (SiO2) Nitrogen (N) Iron (Fe) Phosphorus (P)

    15. You would expect humid tropical areas to be: Exorheic regions Endorheic regions Arheic regions Arctic regions

    16. You would expect humid tropical areas to be: Exorheic regions Endorheic regions Arheic regions Arctic regions

    17. Which type of lake is not formed by ice or glaciers? Fjord Cirque Maar Kettle

    18. Which type of lake is not formed by ice or glaciers? Fjord Cirque Maar Kettle

    19. You know that 4 lakes with different origins have the same phosphorus loading per m2. Which is most likely to be eutrophic? Deflation basin Graben Caldera Fjord

    20. You know that 4 lakes with different origins have the same phosphorus loading per m2. Which is most likely to be eutrophic? Deflation basin Graben Caldera Fjord

    21. The water circulation pattern that causes wind rows on a lake is called: Coriolus effect Convection circulation Langmuir circulation Kelvin circulation

    22. The water circulation pattern that causes wind rows on a lake is called: Coriolus effect Convection circulation Langmuir circulation Kelvin circulation

    23. What is the term for microscopic organisms that live at the water’s surface? Psammon Pleuston Neuston Meroplankton

    24. What is the term for microscopic organisms that live at the water’s surface? Psammon Pleuston Neuston Meroplankton

    25. Oxygen should be most concentrated in The warm epilimnion of a eutrophic lake at night The warm epilimnion of an oligotrophic lake at night The cold hypolimnion of a eutrophic lake The cold hypolimnion of an oligotrophic lake

    26. Oxygen should be most concentrated in The warm epilimnion of a eutrophic lake at night The warm epilimnion of an oligotrophic lake at night The cold hypolimnion of a eutrophic lake The cold hypolimnion of an oligotrophic lake

    27. Photosynthesis Increases CO2 and decreases pH Increases CO2 and increases pH Decreases CO2 and decreases pH Decreases CO2 and increases pH

    28. Photosynthesis Increases CO2 and decreases pH Increases CO2 and increases pH Decreases CO2 and decreases pH Decreases CO2 and increases pH

    29. Phosphorus Is a dynamic ion Has many valence states Is abundant in oligotrophic lakes Has a common gaseous state

    30. Phosphorus Is a dynamic ion Has many valence states Is abundant in oligotrophic lakes Has a common gaseous state

    31. Which of the following is most important in redistributing heat in lakes? Laminar flow Internal seiches Convection Surface waves

    32. Which of the following is most important in redistributing heat in lakes? Laminar flow Internal seiches Convection Surface waves

    33. What color light would travel farthest in a very oligotrophic lake? Red Blue Yellow Green

    34. What color light would travel farthest in a very oligotrophic lake? Red Blue Yellow Green

    35. A pycnocline can result from differences in between water layers: Water temperature Water salinity Water carbonate concentrations All of the above

    36. A pycnocline can result from differences in between water layers: Water temperature Water salinity Water carbonate concentrations All of the above

    37. Whole lake stability Is low when Richardson’s number is low Is low during summer stratification in the temperate zone Is low in meromictic lakes Is low when there is a big density difference between the epilimnion and hypolimnion

    38. Whole lake stability Is low when Richardson’s number is low Is low during summer stratification in the temperate zone Is low in meromictic lakes Is low when there is a big density difference between the epilimnion and hypolimnion

    39. If there is clearcutting in the watershed around a stream, you would expect the stream’s hydrograph to show: Lower peak flows after storms Higher basal flow Shorter periods of high discharge after storms Increased light in the river

    40. If there is clearcutting in the watershed around a stream, you would expect the stream’s hydrograph to show: Lower peak flows after storms Higher basal flow Shorter periods of high discharge after storms Increased light in the river

    41. Effects of Land Use Clear cutting Shorter time to peak Higher peak Shorter period of high discharge Lower basal flow (change in groundwater infiltration)

    42. In oxygenated waters: Most Iron is in the form of Fe3+ and the iron trap does operate Most Iron is in the form of Fe3+ and the iron trap does not operate Most Iron is in the form of Fe2+ and the iron trap does operate Most Iron is in the form of Fe2+ and the iron trap does not operate

    43. In oxygenated waters: Most Iron is in the form of Fe3+ and the iron trap does operate Most Iron is in the form of Fe3+ and the iron trap does not operate Most Iron is in the form of Fe2+ and the iron trap does operate Most Iron is in the form of Fe2+ and the iron trap does not operate

    44. Light penetration is lowest in the: Littoral zone Trophogenic zone Profundal zone Euphotic zone

    45. Light penetration is lowest in the: Littoral zone Trophogenic zone Profundal zone Euphotic zone

    46. Which of the following is a trace element and does not form a major cation in freshwaters? Co Ca Na K

    47. Which of the following is a trace element and does not form a major cation in freshwaters? Co Ca Na K

    48. Which of the following reactions increases alkalinity in a closed system? Sulfate reduction Photosynthesis Respiration Iron oxidation

    49. Which of the following reactions increases alkalinity in a closed system? Sulfate reduction Photosynthesis Respiration Iron oxidation

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