Contraceptive Technology

1. Contraceptive Technology

2. Please Note • No artificial birth control is 100% effective in protecting against pregnancy or STIs. • Abstinence*, however, is. We’ll talk about what abstinence is at the end.

3. List of Common STIs • Chancroid • Chlamydia • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) • Genital Warts (HPV) • Gonorrhea (The Clap) • Hepatitis A • Hepatitis B • Hepatitis C • Herpes (HSV1) • Herpes (HSV2) • HIV & AIDS • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) • Intestinal Parasites • LymphogranulomaVenereum (LGV) • Molluscum Contagiosum • Mononucleosis (Mono) • Mycoplasma Genitalium • Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU) • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) • Pubic Lice (Crabs) • Scabies • Syphilis • Trichomoniasis (Trich) • Vaginitis (BV, Yeast, Etc.)

4. Fill in the following on your chart. • I will go through each contraceptive technology. Fill in the important information on your chart as we go.

5. Sterilization • Women • This can be done through surgery or a micro insert that causes scar tissue that blocks the fallopian tubes • Woman no longer releases eggs • Men • No longer releases sperm • Vasectomy

6. Sterilization • Does not protect against STIs • Much less than 1 in a 100 will become pregnant

7. Birth Control Patch

8. Birth Control Patch • Woman affixes an adhesive patch to her buttocks, arm, or stomach each week • Hormones are released into the blood • The egg is not released by the woman • Makes fluid in uterus thick so sperm have a hard time moving • If egg becomes fertilized it does not allow it to become attached to the womb

9. Birth Control Patch • Does not protect against STIs • 9 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly

10. Birth Control Pill

11. Birth Control Pill • Woman takes a pill at the same time each day (if not at the same time, it is significantly less effective) • Hormones are released by taking a pill • The egg is not released by the woman • Makes fluid in uterus thick so sperm have a hard time moving • If egg becomes fertilized it does not allow it to become attached to the womb

12. Birth Control Pill • Approved by the FDA in 1960 • Most Common Side Effects • Migranes caused by a drop in estrogen before a period (also from the patch and the ring) • Nausea caused by estrogen (also from the patch and the ring) • Spotting caused by low-estrogen making the uterine lining start to shed (also from an IUD, implant, shot, patch, and ring) • Mood swings caused by progestins • Acne from increased oil production, courtesy of progestin (also from IUD, implant, and shot) • Painful or heavy periods (also with non-hormonal IUDs) • Weight gain (on average about 10 pounds) and fluid retention (feeling bloated) from combination hormones (also from patch, ring, and shot)

13. Birth Control Pill • Does not protect against STIs • 9 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly

14. Birth Control Ring

15. Birth Control Ring • Ring is inserted into the vagina once a month and remains there for three weeks slowly releasing hormones • The egg is not released by the woman • Makes fluid in uterus thick so sperm have a hard time moving • If egg becomes fertilized it does not allow it to become attached to the womb

16. Birth Control Ring • Does not protect against STIs • 9 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly

17. Female Condom

18. Female Condom • A polyurethane covering is placed inside the woman’s vagina blocking the cervix

19. Female Condom • Does protect against some STIs • 21 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly

20. Male Condom

21. Male Condom • A latex covering is placed over the penis, which does not allow sperm to enter the vagina

22. Male Condom • Does protect against only some STIs • 18 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly

23. Birth Control Shot

24. Birth Control Shot • The woman receives an injection from a doctor four times per year (in the arm or buttocks) • The woman’s body does not release an egg

25. Birth Control Shot • Does not protect against STIs • 6 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly

26. Diaphragm

27. Diaphragm • Dome shaped rubber piece is placed over the cervix before intercourse • Used with spermicide • Blocks sperm from entering uterus • Must be left in for six hours after sexual intercourse so spermicide can kill all the sperm in the woman

28. Diaphragm • Does not protect against STIs • 16 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly

29. Emergency Contraception

30. Emergency Contraception • Over-the-counter pill taken within 72 hours of having sexual intercourse • Stops the release of the egg • Affects movement and function of sperm • Affects walls of uterus so egg can not attach to the wall of the uterus

31. Emergency Contraception • Does not protect against STIs • 11 in 100 couples will become pregnant if used perfectly

32. IUD – Intrauterine Device

33. IUD – Intrauterine Device • Hormonal or Copper • May make fluids in the uterus thick so sperm have a hard time moving • May not allow a fertilized egg to attach to the wall of the uterus • IUD is replaced once every 3 – 12 years depending on the prescription

34. IUD – Intrauterine Device • Does not protect against STIs • 1 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly

35. Implant • Much like an IUD in function • Matchstick-size implant is inserted into the arm for 3 years

36. Implant • Does not protect against STIs • 1 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly

37. Natural Family Planning • Only having sex when the woman is in the part of her cycle when an egg is not being released • Monitoring daily temperature, body rhythms, and monthly cycles very carefully

38. NFP • Does not protect against STIs • 25 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly

39. Spermicide

40. Spermicide • A cream or gel that contains a chemical that kills sperm cells • Put into the vagina with a applicator or found as a coating on some male condoms

41. Spermicide • Does not protect against STIs • 29 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly

42. Withdrawal • The penis is removed from the vagina before ejaculations • Pre-ejaculate is often released during intercourse which may contain sperm cells

43. Withdrawal • Does not protect against STIs • 27 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly

44. Not Using Any Birth Control • Attempting to conceive • Man ejaculates in the woman

45. Not Using Any Birth Control • Does not protect against STIs • 85 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly

46. Abstinence • The couple does not engage in any sexual acts • The “keep your pants on” method.

47. Abstinence • Does protect against STIs when you keep both of your pants on • 0 in 100 will become pregnant if used perfectly

48. FAQs • Can I get pregnant from anal intercourse or oral intercourse? • This isn’t a complete no. Semen must enter the vagina to cause pregnancy; however, fingers or hands could move it there. Oh, and it definitely DOES NOT PROTECT AGAINST STIs. • Can antibiotics make a contraceptive less effective? • Absolutely. Not all medication will change the effectiveness of hormone-based contraceptives, but some will. • My friend said that smoking pot works as a contraceptive. Is this true? • Nope! Not one bit. Aside from it being illegal, it alters your ability to make good choices too. Oh, and it definitely DOES NOT PROTECT AGAINST STIs. • What about the other “methods:” diet-soda wash; pushing really hard on your belly button; intercourse standing up; plastic wrap, a balloon, or chicken skin “condom”; jumping up and down after intercourse; sneezing violently; intercourse in a hot tub; taking an aspirin after intercourse; or the female not reaching orgasm” • No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, and no. Oh, and they definitely DO NOT PROTECT AGAINST STIs.